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[满分作文30天速成] 第三天：如何表达百分比 问卷调查是高中作文命题的一个常见方式。对数据进行分析和描述时，常需要使用百分比。 一、必须知道的两个名词 Percent的中文意思是：百分之…，如果你怕麻烦，还可以简化成%，这个单词还可以分开来写成：per cent，例如：16%的男生有心理问题。 1. 16% of the boys have mental problems. 2. 16 percent of the boys have mental problems. 3. 16 per cent of the boys have mental problems. Percent of…后面的名词直接决定着后面谓语动词的单复数形式。例如： 16 percent of the boys are overweight. Over 60 percent of the earth surface is covered with water. 但是，percentage中文是：百分率，百分比。如果用它表达上面的例句，可以说成： The percentage of the boys who have mental problems is 16 per cent. 我们汉语中常说的百分点可以被表达成：percentage points，例如： Interest rate fell by six percentage points. 利率下降了六个百分点。 常见的词组有：a high/low/small percentage of，例如： A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs. 已婚妇女兼职的比例非常高。 二、必须知道的两个动词 在表达“占一定数量或比例”时，我们使用频率最高的动词有： Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population. Afro-Americans make up 12% of the US population. 非裔美国人占美国人口的百分之十二。 Account for还有另外一个常用用法，相当于动词explain。请看例句： Recent pressure at work may account for his strange behavior. 他行为怪异的原因可能是工作压力大。 相比之下，make up的意思非常丰富，用法更多。例如： They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. 在最后一幕中，他们把她装扮成一个老头。 When you're the boss you can make up your own rules. 当你是老板时，你可以制定你自己的规矩。 I don't eat breakfast but I make up for it at lunch. 通常我不吃早饭，到中饭的时候在弥补。 三、如何表达“比例高低” 上面作文提示中，就有这样的一句： 大约12%的学生有情绪问题，其中，女生的比例比较高。 那么，如何表达比例的高低呢？最简单的表达就是： Most of the students with emotional problems are girls. 在有情绪问题的学生中，女生占绝大多数。 再高级的一点的表达，可以使用短语the majority of或者a minority of，例如： The majority of the students with emotional problems are girls. 在有情绪问题的学生中，女生占绝大多数。 Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数的人支持这些新法律。 此外，还有介词短语in the majority和in a/the majority，上面的两句句话可以说成： Among the students with emotional problems, girls are in the majority. 在有情绪问题的学生中，女生占绝大多数。 People who support these new laws are in a minority. 只有少数的人支持这些新法律。 四、百分比的其他表达 当出现多个百分比时，可以对数字进行一些处理和转换，避免表达重复，例如： 第一组：百分之二十五的新生来自农村。 25 percent of the new students come from the countryside. A quarter of the new students come from the countryside. 第二组：在受访的人群中，百分之五十一的人支持这个运动。 51% of people surveyed are in favor of the campaign. Over half of people surveyed are in favor of the campaign. 第三组：这个班级有百分之六十七的学生患了近视眼。 67 percent of the students in the class are short-sighted. About two-thirds of the students in the class are short-sighted. 第四组：70%的老师赞成这个计划，17%的人反对，13%的人不确定。 70% of the teachers support the plan. 17% of them are against it. 13% are not sure. 70% of the teachers support the plan. 17% of them are against it. The rest are unsure. 五、三个重要的定语 在百分比之后，常要加上一些限定词，例如： 16% of the students surveyed suffer from mental problems. 在接受的学生当中，有16%的学生有心理问题。 Boys make up 53% of the students with mental problems. 在有心理问题的学生当中，男生占53%。 很多时候，我们也可以使用定语从句或分词结构，例如上面的句子也可以写成： Boys make up 53% of the students who suffer from mental problems. Boys make up 53% of the students suffering from mental problems. 六、其他的表达技巧 首先，看一个例句： 16.2% of the boys have mental problems. 11.4% of the girls have mental problems. 16.2%的男生有心理健康问题，11.4%的女生有心理健康问题。 这是男女学生之间的对比，我们可以使用while把这个两句话合二为一： 16.2% of the boys have mental problems while 11.4% of the girls have mental problems. 再认真看一下，这两句话的谓语和宾语都一样，只有主语不同，还可以简化为： 16.2% of the boys and 11.4% of the girls have mental problems. 最近，你所在的研究性学习小组对全校3558名学生的心理健康状况进行了问卷调查，收到有效问卷3531份。请你根据所提供的信息用英语写一篇文章，向学校英语广播站投稿。（2013年盐城高三第二次模拟考试作文题，有改动）
文章的开头已经给出： Our project group made a survey on the mental problems among the students in our school recently. We handed out questionnaires to all the 3558 students and collected 3531 valid ones. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ According to the survey, 16.4% of the boys and 11.4% of the girls suffer from mental problems. 11.6% of all the students surveyed have emotional problems like feeling anxious and lacking confidence, and among the students with this problem, girls are in the majority. 8.8% of all the students have abnormal behaviors like telling lies and stealing things and boys are more likely to have this problem. Various factors may account for this phenomenon. For one thing, some parents can’t build a harmonious family. Some have tight control of their children and punish them too often. For another, many students are under heavy pressure from study and unable to get along well with people around. In my view, parents should give their children enough freedom and space and often communicate with them. Besides, schools are expected to establish campus counseling centers to offer timely help. Last but not the least, students had better keep optimistic and develop more hobbies. |
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