高考动词时态解题指导

一、根据时间状语，副词直接判断
1. The last time I _____ Jane she ______ cotton in the fields. (NMET92)
  A. had seen; was picking       B. saw; picked
  C. had seen; picked            D. saw; was picking
分析：选D。根据the last time（这里也作从属连词）分析，从句谓语动词应用一般过去时saw，主句谓语表示当时正在进行的动作“正在摘棉花”，所以用过去进行时。
2. When Jack arrived, he learned Mary _______ for almost an hour. (NMET92)
  A. had gone    B. had set off    C. had left     D. had been away
分析：选D。go，set off，leave为非延续性动词，不能与for，since引导的时间状语连用，另外空格所需动词动作发生在learned之前，故应用过去完成时。
3. The volleyball match will be put off if it _____. (NMET91)
  A. will rain     B. rains      C. rained      D. is raining
分析：选B。if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来的时间，主句用一般将来时或“情态动词+动词原形”的谓语形式。
4. Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger. (NMET91)
  A. make    B. is making    C. was making    D. makes
分析：选C。主句用过去进行时表示背景，when从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时表示意外之事。又如：He was crossing the street when he was hit by a car.
5. -Can I join your club, Dad?
   -You can when you _____a bit older. (NMET94)
  A. get     B. will get     C. are getting     D. will have got
分析：选A。when，before，after等词引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时或can，may，must等情态动词+动词原形的谓语形式，这里you can后省略了join the club。
6. I need one more stamp before my collection _______. (NMET94)
  A. has completed   B. completed   C. has been completed   D. is completed
分析：选D。before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，由于从句主语是物my collection，所以要用一般现在时被动语态形式。
7. As she _____ the newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. (NMET95)
  A. read; was falling            B. was reading; fell
  C. was reading; was falling          D. read; fell
分析：选B。as引导的从句用过去进行时表示时间较长的“背景”，“奶奶正在看报时”，主句是时间较短的事情“睡着”，用一般过去时。
8. -How long _____each other before they _____ married?
   -For about a year. ( NMET93)
  A. have they known; get      B. did they know; were going to get
  C. do they know; are going to get     D. had they known; got
分析：选D。before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，因此不能选A。how long一般用于完成时态，所以此题before引导的从句用过去时，主句表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。
9. -Do you know our town at all?
   -No, this is the first time I ______ here.  (NMET92)
  A. was     B. have been      C. came     D. am coming
分析：选B。从句意“第一次到这里”分析，它不表示动作而应表示现在的状态，要用现在完成时have been。
10. I don’t really work here; I _____until the new secretary arrives. (NMET94)
   A. just help out            B. have just helped out 
   C. am just helping out           D. will just help out
分析：选C。副词just与延续性动词连用，用进行时表示“正在”做某事。此句意为“我不是真的在这里工作”，我只是“一段时间在这里帮忙”。
二、从上下文获取“信息”，解语境时态题
1. -Nancy is not coming tonight.
-But she _____! (NMET98)
A. promises    B. promised    C. will promise    D. had promised
分析：选B。C项应该排除，因为上文Nancy表示“今晚不来”，不可能再 “将答应”。D项过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，而上下文没有这个背景，所以不妥当。A项表示现在经常的行为动作，而对参加今晚活动只须答应一次。只有B项正确，用一般过去时表示震惊：“她曾答应过”，怎么反悔改变了？
2. Shirley _____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it. (NMET98)
  A. has written    B. wrote    C. had written   D. was writing
分析：选D。不能因时间状语last year就选B，因为下文I don’t know whether she has finished it表明她不一定写完，只能说她去年“在写”一本关于中国的书。不同语境中的同一时间状语可能对应不同时态，本题last year是这样，下面句子中for 5 years也是这样：Mrs. Smith has lived in Paris for 5 years.（用于现在完成时）/ Mrs. Smith had lived in Paris for 5 years before she went to New York. (用于过去完成时)
3. -Who is Jerry Cooper?
   -_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. (NMET97)
  A. Don’t you meet him yet     B. Hadn’t you met him yet
  C. Didn’t you meet him yet    D. Haven’t you met him yet
分析：选D。从下文“我看见你同他握手”，到现在为止见面这个行为应用现在完成时，采取否定问句时为了表示惊讶，怀疑；“怎么你还没有同他见面啊？”“我看见你在会上同他握手的。”
4. -Hey, look where you are going!
   -Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______. (NMET99)
  A. I’m not noticing      B. I wasn’t noticing
  C. I haven’t noticed     D. I don’t notice
分析：选B。上文对方说“看你往那里走”，经过这一提醒，听话人才发现走错路了，原因时在这之前一直未留心。表示过去一段时间一直持续的动作，应用过去进行时。
5. The price ______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET99)
  A. went down   B. will go down    C. has gone down    D. was going down
分析：选C。从下文whether it（the price）will remain so“价格是否将保持这样”判断，价格，“已经降了下来”，应用现在完成时。
6. Helen _____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home. (NMET96)
  A. has left; comes      B. left; had come  
  C. had left; came       D. had left; would come
分析：选C。从下文so she had to wait判断Helen把钥匙丢在办公室里是在这之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，“等她丈夫回来”应是过去将来时，until引导的从句用一般过去时表过去。
7. -Can I help you, sir?
   -Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it ______. (NMET96)
   A. didn’t work   B. won’t work   C. can’t work   D. doesn’t work
分析：选D。从上文Can I help you？可知这是售货员与顾客之间的对话。顾客反映昨天买了一台收音机，但坏了，要求调换或退货，原因当然“现在”它不响了，所以A，B不合题意。C项不合常理，本身讲不通。
8. I don’t think Jim saw me; he _____ into space. (NMET95)
  A. just stared     B. was just staring  
  C. has just stared     D. had just stared
分析：选B。上文saw提供了一个过去的语境，副词just与延续性动词连用，用进行时表示“正在”做某事：他当时没有看见我，他“正在”凝视天空。
9. -Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
   -I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
   A. had     B. would     C. was going to     D. did
分析：选C。对方问Alice“昨天”为什么不来，Alice说家里来了一个不速之客，“本来打算来”，应用过去将来时，“be going to + 动词原形”表示打算，准备做某事，符合题意。Was going to后省略了your home（party…）之类的词语。
10. -Is this raincoat yours?
    -No, mine ______ there behind the door. (NMET97)
   A. is hanging   B. has hung   C. hangs    D. hung
分析：选A。应话人用no一词已表明这件雨衣不是他的，他的雨衣“正挂在”门背后，故应用现在进行时。