实用高中英语短语与句型词典44

实用高中英语短语与句型词典

U

understand

1. make oneself understood 清楚地表达自己的意思。如：

Can he make himself understood in English? 他能用英语表达自己的意思吗?

2. understand (one, one’s) doing sth 理解(某人)做某事。如：

I can’t understand treating children like that. 那样对待孩子，我不能理解。

I just can’t understand his [him] stealing the money. 我简直无法理解他为什么要偷钱。

注：若 understand 后动词带有疑问词，则用不定式。如：

She doesn’t understand how to look after him. 她不知道应如何照顾他。

3. understand sb to do sth 听说某人做某事。如：

I understand him to be in Paris. 我听说他在巴黎。

I understand him to say that he would come. 我认为他愿意来。

注：这类句型也可换成后接从句的形式。如：

I understand that he is in Paris.

I understand him as saying that he would come.

 

uniform

1. in uniform

(1) 穿着制服。如：

The students are in school uniform. 学生穿着校服。

He looks handsome in uniform. 他穿制服很英俊。

(2) 服役，当兵。如：

How long was he in uniform? 他在军队服役了多久?

 

university

1. at (the) university 在上大学。如：

He is still at (the) university. 他还在上大学。

He is a student at the university. 他还是大学读书。

2. go to (the) university 上大学。如：

He hopes to go to university next year. 他想明年上大学。

 

unknown

1. be unknown to 不为某人所知。如：

His plan is unknown to us. 他的计划我们不知道。

Kissing is unknown to Malays. 马来人从不接吻。

 

until

1. It is (was) not until…that…  直到……才……。如：

It was not until yesterday that I noticed it. 直到昨天我才注意到此事。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她取下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名影星。

2. not…until… 直到……才……。如：

Don’t leave till I come. 我来了你再离开。

He didn’t come until yesterday. 直到昨天他才来。

I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你给我解释了理由，我才会做。

注：该结构中的主句动词通常是终止性动词，若为延续性动词，则可能导致含义有变化。如：

I won’t stay here till [until] Monday. 我在这儿待不到星期一(即：不到星期一就走)。

He didn’t wait until I returned. 他没等到我回来(即：没等我回来他就走了)。

3. Not until…did (do)… 直到……才……。如：

Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我参加工作， 我才意识到我曾浪费了多少时间。

 

use

1. be used to (doing) sth 习惯于做某事。如：

He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。

I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work. 我想信我会习惯这艰苦的工作的。

注：be used to 有时可能是被动语态结构(此时 to 之后要接动词原形)。如：

A clock is used to tell us the time. 闹钟是用来告诉我们时间的。

2. for use 供使用。如：

For use only in case of fire. 只供火警时用。

This is not for use. I bought it only because itissopretty. 这不是为了用的，我买它只是因为它好看。

注：for the use of sb 意为“供某人使用”。如：

This room is for the use of teachers. 这个房间供教师用。

3. in use 在使用当中。如：

The bridge is no longer in use. 这座桥已不再使用。

The lab is in use until three o’clock. 实验室一直到3点钟都有人用。

比较：His delight was in the use of the pen. 他的爱好是写作。

4. It’s [There’s] no use doing sth 做某事没有用。如：

Is there [it] any use trying waiting here? 给他打个电话有用吗?

There [It] is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶已泼，哭也枉然(覆水难收，悔恨无益)。

注：有时可用 to do sth 代替 doing sth, 但较少见。

5. make use of 利用，使用。如：

You must make good use of it. 你必须好好利用它。

Make good use of your time. 好好利用你的时间。

注：该句型可换成 put……to use。如：

You must put it to good use.

Put your time to good use.

6. of use 有用的。如：

It was not of much use to me. 这对我没有多大作用。

When I came to China first, the map was of great use. 我初到中国时，这张地图很有用。

注：(be) of use 中的介词 of 有时可以省略，尤其是当use 前有修饰语时。如：

This book is (of) no use to me. 这本书对没有用。

7. use sth as sth 把某物用作某物。如：

Mother uses old soaks as dusters. 母亲用旧袜子作抹布。

She used the bad weather as an excuse for not coming. 她拿天气不好作不来的借口。

8. use sth for sth 把某物用作某物。如：

These plants are used for food. 这些是食用植物。

She often uses her bike for (going) shopping. 她买东西时经常骑自行车去。

注：该句型有时可与 use…as 互换，但相比之下，后者往往含有“借用作”之意。如：

You can use it as a bookmark. 你可把它用作书签(本来不是书签，但被用作书签)。

9. use sth to do sth 用某物做某事。如：

People use a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。

The boy used the box to keep his toys in. 这男孩用这个箱子装他的玩具。

注：该句型有时可与 use sth for doing sth 互换。如：

A hammer is used for driving [to drive] in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉子的。

10. used to do sth 过去经常做某事。如：

He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。

He usedn’t [didn’t use] to come. 他过去不常来。

You used to go there, usedn’t [didn’t] you? 你过去常到那儿去，是吗?

另外，有时也可见到以下样的否定式和疑问式，但不是很普通：

Did you use(d) to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?

They didn’t use(d) to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。

There used to be a cinema here, use(d)n’t there? 往日这里曾有家电影院，是吗?

 

useful

1. be useful at擅长，精通。如：

She is useful at cooking. 她很会烧菜。

He is useful at maths. 他精通数学。

2. be useful to [for] sb 对某人有用。如：

What he said is useful to us. 他说的话对我们很有用。

The dictionary is useful for beginners. 这本词典对初学者有用。

 

usual

1. as usual 像平常一样。如：

As usual, he arrived last. 他照例是最后一个到。

He would go home, as usual, for Christmas. 他像往常一样要回家过圣诞节。

2. than usual 比平常。如：

He came earlier than usual. 他比平常来得更早。

There’re more people here than usual. 这儿的人比往常多。

 

 

V

vacation

1. on vacation 度假。如：

He’s gone to Paris on vacation. 他去巴黎度假了。

Bob and his family are on vacation. 鲍勃和他家人在度假。

注：有时也可在该短语中插入限定词。如：

We’re touring Italy on our vacation. 我们正在意大利观光度假。

 

value

1. of value 有价值，有用处。如：

Nothing of value was stolen. 没偷走什么有价值的东西。

The dictionary is of great value to students. 这本书对学生有很大的帮助。

2. value sth at 估某物的价为……。如：

How much do you value it at? 你估计它值多少钱?

He valued the watch at $1,000. 他估计这块表值1000美元。

 

variety

1. a variety of 各种各样的……。如：

The shop has a variety of fruit for sale. 这家商店有各种水果出售。

A variety of books have been published. 出版了各种各样的书。

2. the variety of ……的种类。如：

The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的货物品种丰富。

 

visit

1. have a visit from 有(某人)来访。如：

I’ve just had a visit from my friend. 我的朋友刚才来看过我。

We’ve just had a visit from the police. 警察刚刚来过我们这。

2. on a visit (to) 在访问……，在……家作客。如：

He left here on a visit to Beijing. 他离开这儿到北京参观去了。

We are just here on a short visit. 我们只在这儿作短期访问。

3. pay sb a visit / pay a visit to sb 拜访某人。如：

I must pay my new neighbour a visit. / I must pay a visitto my new neighbour. 我一定要去拜访一下我的新邻居。

I paid my friend Jim a visit yesterday. / I paid a visitto my friend Jim yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的朋友吉姆。

注：有时用动词 make 代替 pay。如：

I made a visit to Mr Smith yesterday. / I made Mr Smith avisit yesterday. 昨天我去探望了史密斯先生。

 

voice

1. at the top of one’s voice 高声地。如：

They are shouting at the top(s) of their voices. 他们在高声地喊。

2. in a ……voice 以……声音。如：

He spoke in a loud voice. 他大声地说话。

He told me the news in a low voice. 他低声地告诉了我这个消息。

3. raise one’s voice 提高嗓音。如：

Don’t raise your voice to me. 不要对我大声叫嚷。

He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。

 

 

W

wait

1. wait for 等待，等候。如：

Please don’t wait for me. 请为必等我了。

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人。

We must wait for a fine day. 我们等一个晴天。

2. wait for sb (sth) to do sth 等某人(某事物)做某事。如：

We wait for you to decide. 我们等你作出决定。

We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们在等雨停。

3. wait on [upon] sb 侍候某人，招待某人。如：

We must get enough people to wait on [upon] the guests. 我们找足够的人来招待客人。

They wait on [upon] the customers very well in the shop. 这个商店待顾客很好。

4. wait one’s turn 轮候。如：

You must to wait your turn to see the doctor. 你必须要轮候到你才能看医生。

5. wait sth for sb 为某人而推迟(开饭)。如：

Don’t wait dinner for me. 别等我吃饭了。

6. wait to do sth 等着做某事。如：

Are you waiting to use the phone? 你在等着用电话吗?

We shall wait to hear from you. 我们将等你的回音。

 

wake

2. wake up

(1) 醒，醒来。如：

Wake up! It’s eight o’clock. 醒醒吧，八点了。

Has he woken up yet? 他醒了没有?

(2) 吵醒，弄醒。如：

The noise woke me up. 这声音把我吵醒了。

Don’t make a noise or you will wake up the baby. 不要出声，不然会把孩子吵醒的。

(3) 意识到。如：

He hasn’t woken up to the seriousness of the situation. 他还没意识到情况的严重性。

3. wake to do sth 醒来……。如：

He woke to find that it was snowing. 他醒来时发现在下雪了。

She woke to find herself famous. 她一觉来，发现自己出名了。

 

want

1. want doing sth 需要做某事。如：

The machine wants repairing. 这机器需要修理。

The old man wants looking after. 这位老人需要照顾。

注：有时用不定式的被动形式。如：

The room wants cleaning. / The room wants to be cleaned. 这房间需要打扫了。

2. want sb to do sth 要某人做某事。如：

We want him to come at once. 我想要他马上来。

I want you to think it over. 我希望你好好想一想。

3. (not) want sb doing sth (不)希望或(不愿意)做某事。如：

I don’t want you getting into trouble again. 我不希望你再去惹麻烦。

注：访结构主要用于否定句。

4. want sb (sth) done 要某人(某事)被……。如：

I want the letter (to be) posted at once. 我想把这信马上寄走。

We don’t want anything said about this. 我们希望不要再谈起这事了。

5. want to do sth 想要做某事。如：

I want to stay. 我想留下。

He wanted to go abroad. 他想出国。

 

war

1. be at war (with) (与……)处于交战状态。如：

The country has been at war with its neighbor for three years. 这个国家与邻国交战已有三年了。

2. declare war on [upon] 向……宣战

War was formally declared on Spain by the United States on the 25th day of April, 1898. 美国于1898年4月25 日正式向西班牙宣战。

3. go to war 开战，进入战争状态。如：

At last the country went to war with its neighbor. 这个国家终于与其邻国开战了。

The king decided to go to war against his enemies. 国王决定对敌开战。

 

warn

1. warn sb against doing sth 告诫某人不要做某事。如：

The doctor warned the patient against smoking. 医生告诫病人不要抽烟。

The teacher warned the children against playing on the street. 老师告诫孩子们不要在街上玩。

2. warn sb against [about] sb (sth) 告诫某人提防某人(某事) 。如：

He warned us against pickpockets. 他叫我们提防扒手。

The police have warned shopkeepers about the forged banknotes. 警察已通知各店主要留意假钞。

3. warn sb of sth 警告(通知)某人会有某情况。如：

We warned him of the danger. 我们警告过他有危险。

The teacher warned us of the test. 老师通知我们要考试。

4. warn sb that-clause 警告某人……。如：

I have warned him that it is not allowed. 我警告过他这是不允许的。

I warn you that it is dangerous to swim here. 我警告你，在这里游泳是很危险的。

5. warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人(不)要做某事。如：

I warned him to be careful. 我告诫他要小心。

The doctor warned him not to eat oily food after the operation. 医生告诫他手术后不要吃油腻食物。

比较：He warned me not to going out at night. / He warned me against going out at night. 他叫我不要晚上出去。

 

waste

1. a waste of 浪费……。如：

It’s a waste of time doing that. 做那事是浪费时间。

It’s a waste of money to buy that. 买那东西是白费钱。

In his opinion, holidays are a waste of time and money. 在他看来，度假是浪费时间和金钱。

2. go [run] to waste 被浪费。如：

Don’t let all this food go to waste. 不要让这些食物白白浪费掉。

3. waste time (money) (in, on) doing sth浪费时间(钱)做某事。如：

He wasted his time (in) doing nothing. 他无所事事， 浪费光阴。

She wasted her time and money on paying bribes. 她将时间和金钱浪费于贿赂。

4. waste time (money) on [over, upon] sth 在……方面浪费时间(金钱)。如：

Don’t waste any more time over it. 不要再在这上面浪费时间了。

He has wasted his money on things he doesn’t need. 他花了冤枉钱买了他不需要的东西。

5. waste sth on 在……方面浪费……。如：

Don’t waste words on him. 别在他身上白费口舌了。

Don’t waste your efforts on helping him. 不要白费力气去帮他。