语法系列复习专题二-代词
代词的分类
1.人称代词:有主格、宾格、所有格(含形容词性和名词性两种所有格)
2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves
,yourselves
themselves
3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代词:each other ,one another
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither
,other ,another,
something ,anything ,nothing
,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose,that ,which ,as
代词用法注意点
1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语,可用于双重所有格。例如:
This isn?t my book.
It?s his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend
of yours ?/Do
you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost
some pencils of hers.
2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如:
①(all)by oneself 自己单干,独立干:
The boy
usually finishes his homework by himself.
②of oneself 自动地,自行地:
Mary will
correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
③for oneself 替/为自己:You have to choose for
yourself.
3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that/those
常指时间和
空间上较远的人或物。
进行比较时,that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复;those
可代替复数名词以
免重复。例如:
The water of the well is cleaner than that of
the river./The Christmas cards are
much better than those you bought
yesterday.
4.相互代词each other ,one
another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”,后者侧重三者或三
者以上的“相互”,也可指两者之间的“相互”。
5.不定代词
①some多用于肯定句;any多用于否定句,疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、
提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,修饰可数名词,表示“任何、无论哪一个”
例如:
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he
went to.
②all 与none
all表示“三者或三者以上全部”,可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或
三个以上的人或物的否定,意思是“没有什么人,没有什么东西”,可作主语和宾语。none
of…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How
much开头
的疑问句。
例如:
None of them have/has failed.
—— How many books are there on the desk ? —— None.
注意:no one (=nobody)不同于none
,作主语时只能跟单数谓语,不可跟of短语连用,
回答以who开头的问句,不能回答How many/much
…开头的问句。
例如:
—— Who is in the room ? —— no one(=Nobody).
——Is there any oil in the glass ? —— None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示“没有范围的,其他的”,与名词复数连用。如:other
books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的“另一个”,可作代词或形容词用,代替或修饰单数可数名词。
如:
I
don?t like this hat ,please show me
another.
the
other可作代词或形容词用,指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”,或另一方中的“全
部其他的”。
如:
I have two
sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see
only
two teachers
in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物;the
others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。
例如:
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词,泛指“任何人”(包括说话人在内),还可用来代替上文出现过的可
数名词(指人或物),并有复数形式ones。
例如:
I have bought a new bike.My old one doesn?t
work./One must do one?s duty.
注意:one
,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词,但这样用时,one可被前置或后置
定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。
例如:
This book is the one that is needed by him.
My seat is next to that of our teacher.
代词考点分析
1.—— When shall we meet again ?
—— Make it _____ day you
like;it?s all the same to me.(96年高考题)
A.one
B.any
C.some
D.another
析: 此题答案为B。若选A,one day意“过去/将来的某一天”;若选C,some
day意“有朝一日”、“将来某一天”、“迟早”;若选D,another
day意“改日”、“又/另一天”;选B,any
day意“随便哪一天”、“无论哪一天”,显然它适合此题。
2.I?m reading a new book these days ,_____ in
English.
A.it
B.that
C.one
D.which
析:
排除A选项it的原因是因为it前或后都不可放定语;若选B项that,则因其不能替代同一事物,也可排除;至于D项which,因其是定语从句引导词,在此明显不合用。只有C项one一方面它可有前置或后置定语,另一方面它可以替代前面出现的名词a
book,故是正确答案。
3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to
_____.
A.every
B.all
C.either
D.each
析:
由题干内容可知有两个孩子在叫喊,故all(指三者或三者以上)不可选;every表“两者中任意的一个”,在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(两者中的每一个)填入空白才合题干内容。
4.We don?t know _____ of the visitors here;we
only know some.
A.everyone
B.every
one
C.anybody
D.each one
析: 因为everyone ,everybody
,anybody等不定代词一般不带限定语(此处不能与of短语连用),故A、C选项可排除。若选D项,因not…each结构表全否定,与下句“we
only know
some”不合,故不能成立。只有选B时,not…every表半否定,与下句意相合。
5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in
_____.
(上海题)
A.the
other
B.some
other
C.others
D.those other
析: 根据in some
ways(在某些方面),可知空白处要选表达复数意义的词,据此可排除A、B;又因为没有those
other这样的词语,故可排除D。根据some常与others相呼应使用规律,可定C为正确答案。
6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.
A.it not easy to answer
it
B.it was not easy for us to answer it
C.it?s not easy to
answer
D.it not easy to answer
析: 根据时态一致规律,we
found后不可跟C选项;要表达“那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时,应说The
question is not easy to
answer.要表达“我们发现那个问题不容易答。”这一意思时,应说We found
the question (was)not easy to
answer.据此可排除A、B选项;只有D才是唯一正确选项。
7.The hairdresser now cuts _____ men?s and
women?s hair.
A.any
B.each
C.both
D.either
析: 根据题干men?s and
women?s hair
,可知应选与两者有关的代词,于是立即可排除A。由于each
和either不可直接修饰复数名词或复数名词所有格(应说each of …,either
of…),故又可排除B、D选项。只有both才能与其后的and构成both…and…结构。故正确答案是C。
8.——Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end
?
——If you keep still ,you can sit at
_____end. (NMET)
A.neither
B.each
C.either
D.any
析:
一条船只有两头,any是指三者或三者以上,在此不合用。neither是“两者都不”,填入空白处意思不对;each意“两者或三者,三者以上每个人都…”,若填入此题空白,不合语境,因为一个人不能同时坐船的两头。只有选either(两者之一)才合此题情景。
9.——Have you finished your report yet ?
——No ,I?ll finish in _____
ten minutes.
(NMET)
A.less
B.more
C.other
D.another
析: less后可直接跟形容词、副词、名词,象ten
minutes这样的“数词+名词”短语则不可直接放于less之后,只能放于less
than之后,因此A项可排除。“再过/再用十分钟”可以说in ten more
minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes
,据此可排除B项。至于other一词,因它不能表达“再、又”意,故也可排除。因此D为正确答案。
10.Canada is larger than _____ country in
Asia. (NMET)
A.any
B.any
other
C.other
D.another
析: 此题是加拿大与亚洲国家相比,无需other或another
,else这类词,故B、C、D应排除。因为any(任何)后可跟单数名词或复数名词,填入空白意思也合语境,所以A是正确答案。
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