一. 教学内容：
对英语句子的认识
意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。
I. 什么是句子？
长的是句子，短的是词。×
√
无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back
of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am
tired.”（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”）
这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。
1. 省略主语的句子
Come in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟The old man likes to take a
walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of
coffee.
∟I enjoy talking with him over a cup of
coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟The boy ran to his mother crying.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the
wall.
∟ After writing the notice, he
put it up on the wall.
After he wrote the notice, he
put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语,
或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。
如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
1） 1） Those who eat too much
will easily ill.
∟Those who eat too much will easily get ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little
tired.
∟When he was walking in the
park, he felt a little tired.
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟When I was at school, I
studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly 是
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是
3. Wait for me at the station 是
4. If you know how to play with words to make people
laugh不是
5. A way of saying “I’m sorry” 不是
6. Patting the stomach before a meal不是
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy
at the store. 是
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new
home不是
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air,
take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in
outer space不是
III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听”
这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 “看”
这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示
“到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen
to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong
arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight
to the counter.
To catch up with others, you’d
better work harder.
How did the accident
occur?
In July, the ship set out for
the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in
the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals,
birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, become, go, get, grow,
turn,
look,
sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking
of stealing.
It is impossible to find a shop
that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.
We are proud of our
friends.
To become a top gymnast, it is
important to start when very young.
It’s much cheaper to camp than
to stay in a hotel.
It is useless trying to argue
with him.
I got caught in the
traffic.
Just then, the traffic light
turned red.
He seemed to have misunderstood
you.
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
e.g. We learn English at school.
He wondered whether Bill had
managed to escape.
I didn’t mean to be so
rude.
Most people here earn their
living by farming.
We will send these goods to the
flooded area.
You must keep your word.
I took some photos of some
beautiful actress.
I hope that one day I shall be
able to repay you.
被动：English is learnt at
school.
These goods will be sent to
the flooded area.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return,
write, throw, allow, send,cost
make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。
e.g. My brother gave me a book.
Who sent you the
computer?
My mother would read me a story
before I went to bed.
I won’t tell you anything
about it.
Can you sing us an English
song?
Pass me the newspaper,
please.
这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。
e.g. I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this
money.
The growth in population made
New York the largest city in the USA.
Do you think it possible to
finish it in one day?
We are making our country more
and more beautiful.
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don’t call him before 9 o’clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse
daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be
present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means
money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
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