Types
Methodbasedonmemorizationsuchasrehearsalandrotelearning
基于如彩排和死记硬背记忆的方法Memorizationistheprocessofcommittingsomethingtomemory.Theactofmemorizationisoftenadeliberatementalprocessundertakeninordertostoreinmemoryforlaterrecallitemssuchasexperiences,names,appointments,addresses,telephonenumbers,lists,stories,poems,pictures,maps,diagrams,facts,musicorothervisual,auditory,ortacticalinformation.Memorizationmayalsorefertotheprocessofstoringparticulardataintothememoryofadevice.Oneofthemostbasicapproachestolearninganyinformationissimplytorepeatitbyrote.Typicallythiswillincludereadingovernotesoratextbook,andre-writingnotes.
记忆是。记忆的行为通常是一个的心理过程为了存储在,供以后回忆验名字约会地址、电话号码、列表、故事、诗歌、图片、地图、图表、事实、音乐或其他视觉、听觉或战术信息。记忆也可能是指存储特定数据到设备的内存中。最基本的学习任何信息方法死记硬背地重复它。通常这将包括笔记或教科书和重写。Methodsbasedon?communication?skillse.g.readingandlistening
基于如阅读和聆听沟通技巧方法Theweaknesswithrotelearningisthatitimpliesapassivereadingorlisteningstyle.Educatorssuchas?JohnDewey?havearguedthatstudentsneedtolearn?criticalthinking?-questioningandweighingupevidenceastheylearn.Thiscanbedoneduringlecturesorwhenreadingbooks.
死记硬背的弱点是意味着一个被动的阅读或聆听。教育者如约翰·杜威认为,学生需要学习思质疑和权衡证据。可以在讲座或读书。
Astudentofthe?UniversityofBritishColumbia?studiesforhisfinalexamsusingthePQRSTmethod.
Onemethodusedtofocusonkeyinformationwhenstudyingfrombooksisthe?PQRSTmethod.[9]?Thismethodprioritizestheinformationinawaythatrelatesdirectlytohowtheywillbeaskedtousethatinformationinanexam.PQRSTisanacronymfor?Preview,?Question,?Read,?Summary,?Test.
当从书本学习一个用来关注关键信息方法是PQRST方法。此方法信息方式直接他们被要求在考试中使用这些信息。PQRST预览阅读、总结、测试缩写,Preview:?Thestudentlooksatthetopictobelearnedbyglancingoverthemajorheadingsorthepointsinthesyllabus.
预览:学生主要标题或教学大纲中的点。
Question:?Thestudentformulatesquestionstobeansweredfollowingathoroughexaminationofthetopic(s).:学生问题。
Read:?Thestudentreadsthroughtherelatedmaterial,focusingontheinformationthatbestrelatestothequestionsformulatedearlier.阅读:学生阅读相关材料,专注于之前制定的问题最信息。
Summary:?Thestudentsummarizesthetopic,bringinghisorherownunderstandingintotheprocess.Thismayincludewrittennotes,spiderdiagrams,flowdiagrams,labeleddiagrams,?mnemonics,orevenvoicerecordings.摘要:学生总结,带他或她自己的理解过程。这可能包括写笔记,蜘蛛图,流程图,标图,记忆术,甚至语音录音。
Test:?Thestudentanswersthequestionsdraftedearlier,avoidingaddinganyquestionsthatmightdistractorchangethesubject.测试:学生回答之前问题,避免添加任何可能或改变话题的问题。
Thereareavarietyofstudiesfromdifferentcollegesnation-widethatshowpeer-communicationcanhelpincreasebetterstudyhabitstremendously.Onestudyshowsthatanaverageof73%scoreincreasewasrecordedbythosewhowereenrolledintheclassessurveyed.
有来自全国大学各种各样的研究显示可以非常好帮助学习习惯。一项研究表明那些参加调查的记录了平均73%得分。Methodsbasedoncuese.g.?flashcard?training
基于如抽认卡方法
FlashCards?arevisualcuesoncards.Thesehavenumeroususesinteachingandlearning,butcanbeusedforrevision.Studentsoftenmaketheirownflashcards,ormoredetailed?indexcards?-cardsdesignedforfiling,oftenA5size,onwhichshortsummariesarewritten.Beingdiscreteandseparate,theyhavetheadvantageofallowingstudentstore-orderthem,pickaselectiontoreadover,orchooserandomlytoforself-testing.
抽认卡是在卡片上视觉线索。这些大量用于教学,但可用于。学生常常自己的卡片,或者更详细的索引卡片,,常常A5大小,写简短摘要。离散和独立,他们有让学生的,选择一个阅读,或随机选择自我测试。Methodsbasedoncondensinginformation,summarizingandtheuseof?keywords[edit]
基于压缩信息总结和使用关键词Summarymethodsvarydependingonthetopic,butmostinvolvecondensingthelargeamountofinformationfromacourseorbookintoshorternotes.Oftenthesenotesarethencondensedfurtherintokeyfacts.
总结方法,但大多涉及到大量信息到较短的笔记。通常这些笔记然后进一步凝聚到关键的事实。Organizedsummaries:?Suchas?outlines?showingkeywordsanddefinitionsandrelations,usuallyina?treestructure.
有组织总结:如显示关键字定义关系,通常一个树结构。Spiderdiagrams:?Using?spiderdiagrams?or?mindmaps?canbeaneffectivewayoflinkingconceptstogether.Theycanbeusefulforplanningessaysandessayresponsesinexams.Thesetoolscangiveavisualsummaryofatopicthatpreservesitslogicalstructure,withlinesusedtoshowhowdifferentpartslinktogether.
蜘蛛图:使用蜘蛛图或思维导图一连接概念的有效。它们。这些工具能给一个视觉总结保留其逻辑结构,用线条来显示不同部分如何联系在一起。Methodsbasedon?visualimagery
方法基于视觉图像Somelearnersarethoughttohaveavisual?learningstyle,andwillbenefitgreatlyfromtakinginformationfromtheirstudieswhichareoftenheavilyverbal,andusingvisualtechniquestohelpencodeandretainitinmemory.
Somememorytechniquesmakeuseofvisualmemory,forexamplethe?methodofloci,asystemofvisualisingkeyinformationinrealphysicallocationse.g.aroundaroom.
一些学习者被认为有一个视觉学习风格,并将通常信息的受益匪浅,并使用可视化技术来帮助编码和保在中。一些技术利用视觉记忆,例如位点的方法,想象关键信息在实际物理位置如在一个房间系统。Diagrams?areoftenunderratedtools.Theycanbeusedtobringalltheinformationtogetherandprovidepracticereorganizingwhathasbeenlearnedinordertoproducesomethingpracticalanduseful.Theycanalsoaidtherecallofinformationlearnedveryquickly,particularlyifthestudentmadethediagramwhilestudyingtheinformation.Picturescanthenbetransferredto?flashcards?thatareveryeffectivelastminuterevisiontoolsratherthanrereadinganywrittenmaterial.
图经常被低估的工具。可以所有信息并在一起提供实践重组已经学会了以生产实际和有用的东西。们还可以帮助很快信息,特别是在学习的信息如果学生图。图片可以被转移到卡片非常有效的最后一分钟工具而不是重读任何书面材料Methodsbasedon?acronyms?and?mnemonics
基于首字母缩写和助记符方法A?mnemonic?isamethodoforganizingandmemorizinginformation.Someuseasimplephraseorfactasatriggerforalongerlistofinformation.Forexample,thepointsofthe?compass?canberecalledinthecorrectorderwiththephrase"Never?Eat?Shredded?Wheat".Startingwith?North,thefirstletterofeachwordrelatestoacompasspointinclockwiseorderroundacompass.
助记符是一种组织和记忆信息的方法。使用一个简单的短语或一个长信息列表的触发。例如,的点可以短语“从不吃小麦片”以正确的顺序被从北方开始,每个单词的第一个字母与指南针点按顺时针方向。
Methodsbasedon?exam?strategies考试策略方法The?Black-Red-Greenmethod?(developedthroughtheRoyalLiteraryFund)helpsthestudenttoensurethateveryaspectofthequestionposedhasbeenconsidered,bothinexamsandessays.[11]?Thestudentunderlinesrelevantpartsofthequestionusingthreeseparatecolors(orsomeequivalent).?BLAckdenotes''BLAtantinstructions'',i.e.somethingthatclearlymustbedone;adirectiveorobviousinstruction.?REdisa?REferencePointor?REquiredinputofsomekind,usuallytodowithdefinitions,terms,citedauthors,theory,etc.(eitherexplicitlyreferredtoorstronglyimplied).?GREendenotes?GREmlins,whicharesubtlesignalsonemighteasilymiss,ora‘GREENLight’thatgivesahintonhowtoproceed,orwheretoplacetheemphasisinanswers?[1].AnotherpopularmethodwhilststudyingistoP.E.E;Point,evidenceandexplain,reasonbeing,thishelpsthestudentbreakdownexamquestionsallowingthemtomaximizetheirmarks/gradeduringtheexam.ManySchoolswillencouragepracticingtheP.E.Eingmethodpriortoanexam.
Black-Red-Green（由英国皇家文学基金)帮助学生考试和论文确保问题每个方面被。学生使用三个不同的颜色(或等效)强调问题的相关部分。黑色表示“极明显的的指令”,即必须做的东西;一个指令或明显的指令。红色是参考点或所需的输入,通常与定义术语引用作者理论等。(显式引用或强烈暗示)。绿色表示小魔怪,很容易错过微妙信号,或“绿灯”,给了如何进行提示,或者回答重点的地方。另一种流行的方法是P.E.E;,证据和解释原因是,这有助于学生考试很多学校在考试之前鼓励练习P.E.Eing方法。Methodsbasedon?timemanagement,organizationandlifestylechanges
基于时间管理,组织和生活方式改变的方法Often,improvementstotheeffectivenessofstudymaybeachievedthroughchangestothingsunrelatedtothestudymaterialitself,suchastime-management,boosting?motivation?andavoiding?procrastination,andinimprovementsto?sleep?and?diet.
通常,改进的有效性可以通过学习材料本身无关改变,如时间管理、提高动机和避免拖延,改善睡眠和饮食。Timemanagementinstudysessionsaimstoensurethatactivitiesthatachievethegreatestbenefitaregiventhegreatestfocus.A?trafficlightssystemisasimplewayofidentifyingtheimportanceofinformation,highlightingorunderlininginformationincolours:
学习的时间管理,旨在确保取得最大利益活动得到最大的。交通是一个简单的识别信息重要性的方法颜色突出或强调信息Green:topicstobestudiedfirst;importantandalsosimple
Amber:topicstobestudiednext;importantbuttime-consuming
Red:lowestpriority;complexandnotvital.
绿色:首先要学习的主题;重要,也简单琥珀色下一步要研究主题,重要但耗时红色:优先级最低;复杂而不是至关重要的。
Thisremindsstudentstostartwiththethingswhichwillprovidethequickestbenefit,while''red''topicsareonlydealtwithiftimeallows.Theconceptissimilartothe?ABCanalysis,commonlyusedbyworkerstohelpprioritise.Also,somewebsites(suchas?FlashNotes)canbeusedforadditionalstudymaterialsandmayhelpimprovetimemanagementandincreasemotivation.
这提醒学生首先最快的事情,而“红色”主题只如果时间允许处理。这个概念类似于ABC分析,工人常用帮助。此外,一些网站(比如FlashNotes)可用于额外的学习材料和可能有助于改善时间管理,提高动机。 |
|
