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开罗会议内幕 张祖平 编译 Fact File : Cairo Conference The Cairo conference took part in two phases - the first one from 23 to 26 November 1943, the second phase from 3 to 7 December. During the break in the middle, delegates attended the Teheran Conference (codenamed Eureka), which considerably influenced the second part of the discussions in Cairo. 开罗会议分两阶段进行：第一阶段从1943年11月23日到26日，第二阶段从12月3日到7日。中途休会期间，与会人员参加了德黑兰会议(代号“尤里卡”)，德黑兰会议对开罗会议第二阶段的讨论产生较大影响。 The conference was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt, each man accompanied by a large delegation, including a British delegation led by Admiral Lord Mountbatten, who had recently been appointed supreme commander of SEAC (South East Asia Command). Stalin refused to attend, or even to send a representative. 丘吉尔和罗斯福参加了会议，两位领导人各自带了庞大的代表团，包括英国将军蒙巴顿（时任盟军东南亚战区总司令）带领的一个代表团。斯大林拒绝参加会议，也没有派代表团。 Discussions during the first phase centred on China's request for the Allies to launch amphibious operations in the Bay of Bengal, to coincide with its intervention in the Burma campaign. The Japanese had blocked the Burma Road, the only remaining supply route into China. The Japanese also saw Burma as a way into India; so the situation was serious. 第一阶段的会议集中讨论中国提出的要求，中国希望盟军在孟加拉湾进行两栖登陆，以此配合他们在缅甸的军事行动。日军封锁了缅甸公路，它是支持中国的唯一路线。日本也视缅甸为进攻印度的跳板，情况非常紧急。 Churchill was not impressed by the progress of the conference and the British and Americans were at odds. In the end, Roosevelt promised an amphibious attack - but he was unable to keep his promise because of agreements made in the interim at the Teheran Conference, which focused on the 1944 landings on France's Normandy coast (Operation Overlord). 开罗会议并没像丘吉尔预料的那样，美英两国发生了争议。最后，罗斯福承诺进行两栖登陆，但是最后他还是未能实现这个承诺，主要是因为在德黑兰会议上，盟军决定于1944年在法国诺曼底登陆（霸王行动）。 Nonetheless, the Cairo Declaration was made, agreeing that all three powers had confirmed their strategy against Japan. Japan should be stripped of all the territories acquired since the beginning of the World War One (1914), and any land taken from China should be returned. Korea should be liberated 'in due course'. 尽管如此，开罗宣言还是发表了，三国一致同意对日作战策略。日本应该归还一战以来掠夺的领土，任何从中国掠夺的领土都应当归还给中国。朝鲜也应该以“恰当的方式”被解放。 |
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