词语辨析 1.job与work 两个词都作“工作”解,有时可以互换,但表示具体的某一工作时,不可互换。job是可数名词,一份工作可以说a job。work是不可数名词,一份工作要用a piece of work来表示。如: I can find a part-time job. 我能找到一份兼职工作。 It's not easy to find a full-time job. 找到一份全日制工作不容易。 Why do you want me to clean the room? It's your job.你为什么要我打扫房间呢?那是你的事。 I'm busy today, for I have a lot of work to do. 今天我很忙,我有很多工作要做。 Her job/work is teaching. 她的工作是教书。(职务) work 构成的合成词有housework“家务”,homework “作业”,handwork“手工”等。 2.look, see, watch与read 上述这些动词,均有“看”的意思,但“看”法有别。 look通常为不及物动词,指有意地“看”、“注意看”,若后跟宾语,则用look at,意思是“看……”;此外,look还含有“看起来”、“看上去”之意。如: Look! The girl is flying a kite. 看!那女孩正在放风筝。 Look at the blackboard! 看黑板! The boy looks like his mother. 这位男孩看上去像他妈妈。 see 是及物动词,侧重于看的结果,意为“看见”、“看到”。如: Can you see the man under the tree? 你看见树下的那位男士了吗? watch作动词,意为“观看”、“注视”,多指观看运动着的事物,如电视、比赛、表演等。如: They often watch football match on TV. 他们经常通过电视看足球赛。 read 是动词,意指“读,阅读”,作“看”讲时,多指看书、报、杂志。如: He reads newspaper every day. 他每天看报。 We read English in the morning. 我们在早上读英语。 The children are reading some books in the reading-room. 孩子们正在阅览室里看书。 3.a lot与a lot of a lot和a lot of都可以作“许多”解。 a lot可以用作名词,在句子中充当宾语,也可以用作副词,修饰动词或用来修饰比较级。如: We have a lot to do. 我们有很多事情要做。 He works a lot at home. 他在家干很多活。 She is a lot cleverer than I am. 她比我聪明得多。 a lot作副词用时,也可作“非常”、“特别”解,用作程度状语,相当于very much。如: Han Meimei likes bananas a lot. 韩梅梅特别喜欢吃香蕉。 a lot of后面接名词,既可接可数名词,又可接不可数名词,多用于肯定句中。如: He has a lot of friends. 他有许多朋友。 There is a lot of meat in the shopping basket. 购物篮里有许多肉。 在疑问句和否定句中常用many或much代替 a lot of。如: Are there many people in the park? 公园里有许多人吗? There isn't much ink in the bottle. 瓶子里墨水并不多。 4.each与every each和every都有“每个”的意思,但它们在用法上有所不同。 each着重于个别的含义。every着重于全体的含义,和all的意思相近。如: Each student has an English book. 每个学生都有一本英语书。 Every student must study well. 每个学生都必须好好学习。 each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或东西,但是every却总是指三个以上的人或东西,不能指两个。试译:街道两旁有许多商店。 误:There are many shops on every side of the street. 正:There are many shops on each side of the street. every只能用作定语, each不仅可以作定语,而且能像名词一样作主语、宾语和同位语。试译:每个人都有自己的名字。 误:Every has his own name. 正:Each has his own name. 5.else与other else和other同义,都可以解作“别的”、“其他的”,但它们的用法不同。 else可以用作形容词或副词,作形容词用时,主要用在who,whose,what等疑问代词或nobody, nothing, somebody, something, anybody, anything等不定代词之后作定语;作副词用时,用在where,when等后面作状语。如: He asked what else you would like. 他问你还想要什么。 Where else are you going to stay? 你们还要在什么地方停留? else可带's读作〔elss〕。如: I took someone else's coat by mistake. 我错拿了别人的外衣。 other是形容词,用来修饰名词时,须放在名词之前。如: Where are the other boys? 其他的男孩在哪里? other还可以修饰代词one或oen's。如: This story is more interesting than the other one. 这个故事比那个更有趣。 |
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