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1．时间状语从句 （l）时间状语从句常用when，as，while， before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，hardly…when,no sooner…than,scarcely…when, the moment等连词引导，如： He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.不亲眼看到，他就不会相信。 How long is it since I saw you last？ 我上次见你到现在有多长时间了？ （2）时间状语从句一般不用将来时态。特别是当主句为将来时态时，时间状语从句用一般时态表示将来。如： We will stay at home tomorrow after we finish the work..明天干完活我们会呆在家里的。 I will tell him everything when he comes. 他来了我会告诉他一切的。 （3）when，while，as都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的状语从句中的动词所表示的动作与主句中的动词所表示的动作可以同时发生，也可以先于或后于主句中的动作发生。while引导的状语从句中的动词所表示的动作与主句中的动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句要用延续性动词；表现在句子中，句子的谓语多用进行时态。as所引导的状语从句中的动词所表示的动作与主句中的动词所表示的动作同时发生，强调“一面…一面…”。如： He was watching TV last night while I was writing a letter．昨晚我写信时他在看电视。 He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. 他急忙朝家走，一边走一边向后看。 （4）表示“一直到…时”，用till，主句和从句都用肯定形式。表示“直到…才”时，用until，主句用否定形式，从句用肯定形式，间或也用till。until可放句首。如： He didn't get up until his mother came in.． 到他妈妈进来他才起床。 The young man read till the light went out. 那个年轻人看书一直到熄灯。 （5）hardly／scarcely…when意为‘刚 …就”；no sooner…than 和as soon as …意为“一…就…”。在hardly/scarcely…when和no sooner…than句型中，when和than引导的从句不能放在主句之前; 而as soon as引导的从句，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句之后。hardly/scarcely及no sooner如置于句首，句子要倒装。如： Hardly had I left the room when it began to rain.我刚一离开房子天就开始下雨了。 I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我一到公共汽车站，公共汽车就开动了。 2．原因状语从句 原因状语从句一般用 because, since, as和for引导。如： As it is raining，we shall not go to the zoo. 由于天下雨，我们就不去动物园了。 Jenny didn't come to school yesterday because she was ill. 詹妮昨天没有来学校是因为她病了。 （1）because because引导原因状语从句，表示直接原因，语气最强；引导的状语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，并且多放在主句之后。为了加强语气，还可在because前加only,just,simply等副词。如： Because he worked bard，he succeeded． 由于他工作努力，他成功了。 He didn’t answer my question simply becaue he couldn't． 他没有回答我的问题仅仅是因为他不会。 （2）since，as since和as引导的从句强调结果，不强调原因。它们引导的从句一般置于句首。 since比as语气强，意为“既然”。as语气较弱，常用于日常口语中，讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉，不需要强调。如： Since you have nothing to do，why don’t you help me.既然你没有事可做，为什么不帮我呢？ As it was getting late, we went home． 由于天越来越晚，我们就回家了。 （3）for for不说明原因，只表示一种附带或补充的解释，或表示推理。for引导的句子只能放在主句之后。如： We must start early，for we have a long way to go.我们必须早早出发，因为我们有很长的路要走。 We must get rid of carelessness，for it often leads to errors. 我们必须戒除粗心，由于它会导致错误。 (4）由于because引导的从句表示一种直接的原因或理由，所以它能回答why的提问，其它三个词不能。如： —Why didn't he come yesterday? 昨天他为什么没来？ —Because he was ill． 因为他病了。 （5）because引导的原因状语从句可用于强调句型中，其它三个词不能。如： It is beause today is Sunday that we don’t go to school.由于今于是星期天，我们没有去上学。 It was because he was ill that he didn't come yesterday.由于他病了，昨天他没有来。 3．地点状语从句 地点状语从句由where和wherever引导。如： The thread breaks where it is weakest. 绳子从细处断。 Wherever he goes, I'll go, and I don't care what happens.不管会发生什么事情，他去哪儿，我就去哪儿。 4．条件状语从句 条件状语从句用if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 引导。如： You may use the room as you like, so long as you clean it up afterwards.房子你想怎么用就怎么用，只是用完后要打扫干净。 I will lend you the money on condition that you pay it back in one month. 只要你一个月后还我，我就把钱借给你。 5．让步状语从句 （l）让步状语从句用although, though, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter, as等词引导。如： I think we should get this one, although it may take up more space in the room.我认为我们还是买这件，虽然它会占去更多的空间。 No matter what he may do, I think it righ． 无论他做什么，我认为都是对的。 (2)although和though可以互换，只是although比 though语气强。由 although／though引导的让步状语从句，主句不能用but。如： Although it was barely four o'colck, the lights were already on. 虽然还不到4点，电灯已经亮了。 Though he is a little child，he can speak English. 虽然他只是一个小孩，但他能讲一些英语。 （3）as引导让步状语从句，有如下形式： l）形容词+as+主语+系词 Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他很年轻，但他懂得很多。 Proud as he is ,he is afraid to see me. 虽然他很骄傲，但他害怕见我。 2)副词+as+主语+谓语 Fast as he reads，he can’t finish the book in two days．他看得再快，也不能在两天内把这本书看完。 Hard as he worked, he couldn't finish the task on time.虽然他工作很努力，但还是不能按时完成任务。 3)动词+as+主语 Try as you will,you can't work out the problemm.虽然你会努力，但你算不出这道题。 Try as he would, he couldn't manage it. 他再努力，也驾驭不了它。
4）名词+as+主语+系词 Child as he is,he knows a lot. 虽然他只是一个小孩，但他知道得很多。 Teacher as I am, I can cook well． 虽然我是老师，我做饭也不错。 前置的名词前不能加冠词。 6．结果状语从句 结果状语从句用so，so…that，so that，such…that引导，一般放在主句之后。如： The room is so big that it can hold all of us. 房子这么大能容纳我们所有人。 It was such a good day that we went outing. 天气那么好，我们去郊游。 7．目的状语从句 目的状语从句用so…that，so that，in order that等引导，一般放在主句之后。如： I got up early in the morning so that I could catch the first bus.我早晨早早起床以便赶上第 一班公共汽车。 He studies hard in order that he can serve the people better in the future.他努力学习以便将来能更好地为人民服务。
We turned the radio up so that everyone might hear the important news.我们把收音机音量开大以便每个人都能听到那条重要的消息。 We turned the radio up, so that everyone heard the important news.我们把收音机音量开大，结果每个人都听到了那条重要的消息。 8．方式状语从句 （1）方式状语从句用as,just as, as if,as though引导。如： I have changed the plan as you suggested. 我按你的建议把计划修改了。 When at Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 （2）as if和 as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。但当句子谓语为过去时态时，特别是当句子谓语为look，seem，taste，smell等感官动词时，从句谓语动词不用虚拟语气。如： I’ve loved you as if you were my son.． 我爱你就像你是我的儿子。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨。 9．比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用as …as，than,not so…as,the more…引导。如： The longer you stay with him, the beter you will know him.你和他在一起呆的时间越长，你就会越了解他。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。 |
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