中考英语语法总结---形容词副词代词介词连词和数词2009-03-25 来源：英语赵艳芳老师的日志 编辑：英语赵艳芳老师的日志 形容词和副词 英语赵艳芳老师的主页 | 查看全部日志 在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例，一般考查有关形容词或副词的一些搭配，但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级。 一、 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small --- smaller --- smallest ② 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st，如 large --- largest --- largest ③ 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est。 ④ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 –er或-est. busy---busier---busiest happy---happier---happiest 但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如： slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly difficult---more difficult---most difficult beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful 但还有一些不规则的变化： good / well---better---best many---more---most bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst little---less---least far --- farther / further --- farther / furthest 二、 形容词和副词的等比句型 ①as…as… 和……一样 I’m as tall as you. ② not as(so)…as 不和…… 一样（在否定句中常用so 来代替as）如， I can’t run so fast as you. 另外as…as possible 为固定结构，如，as soon as possible, as quickly as possible 等。 在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级。 三、形容词和副词的其它句型还有： ① 形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ，在than 后面的人称代词 用主语和宾语均可。 He is older than I / me. 但是如果人称代词后有动词时，则只能用主格形式。如， Tom found more red leaves than I did. ② “the + 比较级， the + 比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生。如， The more you learn, the more you’ll know. ③ “more and more”结构（指两个形容词比较级用and 连接）表示持续不断的变化。 如： I’m getting thinner and thinner. 四、修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等，very不能和比较级连用。如： The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive. 昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜。 To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy. 打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多。 五、形容词的一些搭配，如： be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高兴做某事 be sorry to do 很抱歉，很遗憾做某事 be sure to do 一定/相信会做某事 be ready to do 准备好做某事，乐于做某事 get ready to do 为……做好准备 等等。 下面我们来看一些例题。 1． The Yellow River is one of ___ in China. A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river D. the long river 答案：A 2. Does he speak Chinese ___ his brother? A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than 答案：C 3. Which shirt do you like ___, the white one or the blue one? A. better B. good C. best D. much 答案：A 4. I don’t feel ___ to go to work today. I’m ill. A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good 答案：B 5. Mary would like to spend ___ days on her research. A. a little more B. a little C. a few more D. much more 答案：C 下面请大家自己做以下练习。 1. Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you. A. important anything B. important something C. anything important D. something important 答案：D 2. This picture book is not ___ that one. A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than D. interesting as 答案：A 3. This article is ___ than that one. A. much easier B. more easier c. much more easier D. more easy 答案：A 4. The Changjiang River is ___ river in China. A. long B. longest C. the longest D. longer 答案：C 5. You must keep your room ___ and tidy. A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. cleaned 答案：C 中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法。 下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方。 1. 代词 同学们需掌握以下不定代词： all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的合成词如 nobody等，并注意不定代词的定语后置，如something English 2. 数词 同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词。 如：第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth 第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth 另外需要记住以下短语： hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计 tens of thousands of 数以万计 several millions of好几百万 但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式，如： ten thousand three million 3. 介词的考察内容主要是介词短语，特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语。这类短语比较多，这里我不再一一赘述，大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组。但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语，请大家注意。 如， speak highly of高度赞扬 regard… as …视为，把……看做…… make a contribution to doing sth 为……做贡献 4. 连词 同学们需要特别记忆以下连词或连词短语： neither…nor… either…or… not only…but also… both…and… 前三个短语引导主语时，谓语动词需遵循就近原则。 如， Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确。 Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那儿。 那么both…and…连接主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。 如， Both Lucy and Lily are going there.
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