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搭配指的是词的伙伴关系，即某一个词非常有规律地与另一个或一些词共现。McCarthy（1990:12）认为“搭配关系是单词学习的核心，它指的是单词之间的契约关系，是任何语言都具有的重要组织原则”。本族语者有很强的词汇搭配能力，能预设和生成地道的词汇搭配。但外语学习者的搭配能力不容乐观。刘绍龙（2006）在研究中国英语学习者（中学至大学）的词汇发展模式后发现，相比词性、词义和词缀知识，他们的搭配能力是最弱的，发展也是最慢的。笔者认为，很重要原因在于我们对于词汇搭配重视不够，对于影响学生正确搭配的难点研究不够。 搭配可以分为语法搭配和词汇搭配。语法搭配指的是词后（通常是实义词如名词、形容词或动词）接语法结构如不定式或从句，或接介词等。如belief in God, consider to do something, consider doing something等。英语中介词非常活跃，这是与汉语不同之处，因而中国学生容易犯介词搭配错误，如*my ability of English（应为my ability in English）。教师要注意各类词后介词搭配，让学生记整个语块，而非单个单词，如apply for a job, apologize to me等。 英语里有很多词的用法很有规律，形成固定句式。Hornby（1954）在其一本介绍英语词汇句型的专著里介绍动词、名词和形容词的常见句型。其中，动词的语法搭配最为常用，变化也最多，占了该书三分之一的篇幅。下面就这三类词的语法搭配各举一例： A 动词搭配
类似think和consider用法的动词还有acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take, think, understand等。 B 名词搭配 noun + preposition + (pro)noun Many nouns are used with prepositions in a way that corresponds to the use of verbs and adjectives with prepositions. 比较 Dr Brown specializes in chest diseases. Dr Brown is a specialist in chest diseases. delight in doing sth / take a great delight in doing sth allow for / make allowances for dissatisfy with / dissatisfaction with C 形容词搭配 It + verb (be) + adjective + of + (pro)noun + to-inf. It’s kind of you to say so. (You are very kind to say so.) It was stupid of her to make such a mistake. (She was stupid to make such a mistake.) 这类用法的形容词还有absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, civil, clever, (in)considerate, courageous, cruel, decent, foolish, good, (un)grateful, honest, ill natured, impudent, (un)kind, naughty, nice, (im)polite, rash, right, rude, saucy, silly, spiteful, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, (un)wise, wrong等。 可见词汇和语法的关系密不可分。记住这些词的固定句式能够提高学习效率，达到事半功倍的效果，记多了，自然而然就会形成语感。 |
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