kind/sord的区别和用法( a ～ of, this ～ of, many kind of )

 

kind作名词用时，表示种类。
比较下面的结构：

a kind of +单数名词（不加冠词）   一种
this kind of +单数名词（不加冠词）   这种
many kinds of +单数名词丨复数名词（不加冠词)    许多种
different kinds of +单数名词丨复数名词（不加冠词)    不同种类 
these kinds of +单数名词丨复数名词（不加冠词)    这些种类
all kinds of    单数名词丨复数名词（不加冠词)   各种

This is a new kind of pen.(正）这是一种新型钢笔。
This is a new kind of pens.(误）

I like that kind of apple.(正）我喜欢那种苹果
I like that kind of an apple.(误）

He saw many kinds of machine.(正）他见到了许多种机器。
He saw many kinds of machines.(正）

He wants to buy different kinds of stamp.(正）他想买不同种类的邮票。
He wants to buy different kinds of stamps.(正）

She lent me three kinds of book.(正）她借给我三种书。
She lent me three kinds of books.(正）

He has read all kinds of story-book.(正）他读过各种各样的故事书。
He has read all kinds of story-books. 正）

【比较】
This kind of book is worth reading.这种书值得读。（一种〉
These kinds of books are worth reading.这些种类的书值得读。（多种）
What kind of bookis it?它是什么种类的书？
What kind of books are these?这些是什么种类的书？（注意，在what kind lof结构中，kind —般不加s)

■ many kinds of, different kinds of, these kinds of 和 all kinds of 修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。        、
Many kinds of shoes are on show in the shop.商店里展出了许多种类的鞋。
There are all kinds of trees along the lake.沿湖有各种各样的树。

a kind of+名词结构中，形容词通常修饰kind，修饰名词的情况偶尔也有，但不自然。
【比较】
That is a strange kind of animal.(正）那是一种奇怪的动物。
IThat is a kind of strange animal.(不自然）
【提示】据语言学家Quirk所著《综合英语语法》，下面两种说法均正确：
一杯热咖啡                    一群忙忙碌碌的蜜蜂
a hot cup of coffee         a busy swarm of bees
a cup of hot coffee         swarm of busy bees

sort也可表示“种类”，多用于口语，常可同kind换用。
但sort多指大体相同的人或物，而kind多指在本质和特点上相同的人或物。

This sort/kind of shirt is cheaper.这种衬衫便宜一些。
【提示】在 these sort of things, what sort of pens 中，sort 要用单数。
What sort of pens do you want?(正）你要哪种钢笔？
What sorts of pens do you want?(误）
比较
What kind of animal is it?这是什么动物？（问种类）
What kind of an animal is it?这个动物怎样？（问优劣，特点等）
【提示】“kind of a+单数名词”表不“怎样一种”。
I don’t know what kind of a man he is.我不知道他是怎样一个人。
What kind of a job are you going to take?你要做什么样的工作？
He has some sort of an English accent.他说话略带英国口音。

kind和sort of可以用作状语，表示“有点”，修饰形容词、副词或动词。
He is kind of tired.他有点累了。
I feel sort of worried about her.我有点为她担心。
I sort of believe it.我有点相信这件事。
a sort of和of a sort表不“可以说是的人、物”，暗不名不符实。
He is a sort of professor.他也算是个教授吧。=a professor of a sort 

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【Usage note: kind / sort】

■Use the singular (kind/sort) or plural (kinds/sorts) depending on the word you use before them:each/one/every kind of animal ◇ all/many/other sorts of animals.

■Kind/sort of is followed by a singular or uncountable noun:This kind of question often appears in the exam. ◇ That sort of behaviour is not acceptable.

■Kinds/sorts of is followed by a plural or uncountable noun:These kinds of questions often appear in the exam. ◇ These sorts of behaviour are not acceptable.

■Other variations are possible but less common:These kinds of question often appear in the exam. ◇ These sort of things don’t happen in real life. (This example is very informal and is considered incorrect by some people.)

■Note also that these examples are possible, especially in spoken English:The shelf was full of the sort of books I like to read. ◇ He faced the same kind of problems as his predecessor. ◇ There are many different sorts of animal on the island. ◇ What kind of camera is this? ◇ What kind/kinds of cameras do you sell? ◇ There were three kinds of cakes/cake on the plate.