英文来源| dailymail 翻译| 636@煎蛋网
Arguments stem from the fact that both sides believe they are in the right. But while most people would claim the best way to win one is to try and convince the other party to agree with their views, a new study suggests otherwise.
争吵总是始于两方都认为自己的观点是正确的。虽然大多数人都相信赢得辩论的最佳方法是试着让另一方同意自己的观点，一项新的研究却不这么认为。
Researchers in Israel discovered that by agreeing with the other person, through extreme examples of their views, can make them reconsider how they feel. To test their theory, the researchers, including graduate students of Professor Eran Halperin, a psychologist at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in Israel, asked 150 Israeli participants to watch videos.
以色列的研究人员称当你同意其他人的观点并举一些极端的例子的时候，会让他们重新思考自己的想法。为了测试这项理论的正确性，研究人员，包括以色列赫兹利亚跨学科研究中心心理学教授 Eran Halperin的研究生们，邀请了150名以色列志愿者来观看视频。
Half were shown clips relating to the Israel and Palestine conflict, while the other half were shown neutral TV commercials as a control. Instead of highlighting how the clips were at odds with Israeli values, the videos instead demonstrated how the conflict was consistent with many participants' beliefs. However, these views were portrayed at the very extreme.
其中一半人观看了以色列和巴勒斯坦之间冲突的视频剪辑，而另一半人被当做对照组观看了一些中立的电视广告。第一组观看的视频的人并没有强调这些视频有多么违背以色列的价值观，反而论证了这些冲突与很多志愿者的信仰有多么一致。然而这些观点是用一种非常极端的方式表达出来的。
‘For example, the fact that they [believe they are one of] the most moral societies in the world is one of the most basic beliefs of Israeli society,’ Professor Halperin said. But the video clips claimed Israel should continue to take part in the conflict so that its citizens could continue to feel moral. This caused anger among the group. When questioned about their views on the conflict, following months of similar tests, the researchers reported a 30 per cent increase in their willingness to re-evaluate their position compared to the control group. They also took a more neutral stance on common political ideals, and this shift continued even a year after the study had ended.
Halperin 教授说道：“举例来讲，志愿者们都相信以色列社会是这个世界上最有道德感的社会之一，这也是以色列这个国家最基本的信仰。”但是这些视频宣扬以色列应当继续坚持与巴勒斯坦斗争，这样民众们便会继续保持自己的道德立场。这激起了志愿者们的愤怒。在接下来的几个月里研究人员们也进行了类似的实验，当问到志愿者他们对于这场冲突的观点时，实验人员报告说比起对照组的人，观看了冲突视频的人中增加了30%的意愿来重新考虑他们自己的想法。同时这些人也在一些政治立场上变的更加中立，这种转变甚至在实验结束一年后还存在着。
The scientists attribute this to the fact that the new information caused people to see their views as irrational, according to the study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ‘We truly believe that in most intractable conflicts, the real problems are not the real issues,’ said Professor Halperin. In reality, he continued, both sides know what needs to be done but there are many ‘psychological barriers that prevent societies from identifying opportunities for peace.’
根据美国国家科学院院刊的研究，科学家们认为这是由于新信息的出现让人们看到了自己观点的不合理性。Halperin 教授说“我们确信在一些棘手的冲突中，真正的问题并不是问题本身。”他还说，事实上两方都知道该做什么，但同时又有许多‘心理障碍在阻止社会为和平寻找机会’。
‘You take people's most basic beliefs and turn them into something that is absurd,’ Professor Halperin said. ‘For an outsider, it can sound like a joke, but for them, you are playing with their most fundamental belief.’
Halperin教授说“夺走别人最基本的信仰然后把它变得荒谬不堪，作为一个局外人，这听起来可能像个笑话，但对他们来讲，你是在玩弄他们扎根在心底的信仰。”
The scientists said the method needs to be tested further. They also questioned how to get people to watch videos they find uncomfortable outside of the experiment setting. Students Boaz Hameiri and Roni Porat, who helped run the study, additionally expressed concern at the possibility the videos may assimilate the extreme views into the participant’s beliefs.
科学家们认为这个理论仍需更多的测试。他们还质疑如何在实验环境外让人们观看他们感觉不舒服的视频。同时帮助进行此实验的学生 Boaz Hameiri 和 Roni Porat担心视频也许会让观看者被这些极端的观点所同化。
