记录下调试iptables的过程。才知道iptables还有个raw表( ̄. ̄)+
背景
在配置folsom版openstack的quantum时出现vm无法ping通外网的问题,经过抓包分析确定问题是iptables中的snat规则不生效,需要调试iptables定位下有问题的iptables规则。
iptables有5个链: PREROUTING, INPUT, FORWARD, OUTPUT, POSTROUTING,4个表: filter, nat, mangle, raw,其工作流在下图表示的很清楚。
![](http://image79.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2014/10/0911/45963467_1.png)
从图中可见raw拥有最高的优先级,raw表使用PREROUTING和OUTPUT两个链,因此raw可以覆盖所有包。在raw表中支持一个特殊的目标:TRACE,使内核记录下每条匹配该包的对应iptables规则信息。使用raw表内的TRACE target即可实现对iptables规则的跟踪调试。
配置
假设需要对ipv4的ICMP包进行跟踪调试,抓取所有流经本机的ICMP包
# iptables -t raw -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j TRACE
# iptables -t raw -A PREROUTING -p icmp -j TRACE |
加载对应内核模组
调试信息记录在/var/log/kern.log文件。
调试
在vm内对外部作ping操作,vm的ip为10.0.0.4
[root@10-0-0-4 ~]# ping -c 1 192.168.0.19
PING 192.168.0.19 (192.168.0.19) 56(84) bytes of data.
--- 192.168.0.19 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms |
在/var/log/kern.log中的对应调试信息如下
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870882] TRACE: raw:PREROUTING:policy:2 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT= MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870902] TRACE: nat:PREROUTING:rule:1 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT= MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870909] TRACE: nat:quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING:return:4 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT= MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870915] TRACE: nat:PREROUTING:policy:2 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT= MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870938] TRACE: filter:FORWARD:rule:1 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870944] TRACE: filter:quantum-filter-top:rule:1 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870950] TRACE: filter:quantum-l3-agent-local:return:1 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870957] TRACE: filter:quantum-filter-top:return:2 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870962] TRACE: filter:FORWARD:rule:2 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870969] TRACE: filter:quantum-l3-agent-FORWARD:return:1 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870974] TRACE: filter:FORWARD:policy:3 IN=tap5c42978b-ac OUT=br-ex MAC=fa:16:3e:a7:0c:f3:fa:16:3e:a4:49:14:08:00 SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870979] TRACE: nat:POSTROUTING:rule:1 IN= OUT=br-ex SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1
Apr 18 11:50:23 openstack-network kernel: [1038991.870985] TRACE: nat:quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING:rule:1 IN= OUT=br-ex SRC=10.0.0.4 DST=192.168.0.19 LEN=84 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=63 ID=0 DF PROTO=ICMP TYPE=8 CODE=0 ID=28976 SEQ=1 |
可见数据包流在nat表的quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING的第一条规则处被截断了,查看iptables中的nat表的规则如下
*nat
:PREROUTING ACCEPT [99:21975]
:INPUT ACCEPT [74:20608]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [181:30548]
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [26:13022]
:quantum-l3-agent-OUTPUT - [0:0]
:quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING - [0:0]
:quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING - [0:0]
:quantum-l3-agent-float-snat - [0:0]
:quantum-l3-agent-snat - [0:0]
:quantum-postrouting-bottom - [0:0]
-A PREROUTING -j quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING
-A OUTPUT -j quantum-l3-agent-OUTPUT
-A POSTROUTING -j quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING
-A POSTROUTING -j quantum-postrouting-bottom
-A quantum-l3-agent-OUTPUT -d 192.168.0.16/32 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.4
-A quantum-l3-agent-OUTPUT -d 192.168.0.17/32 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.3
-A quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING ! -i qg-91757ded-c4 ! -o qg-91757ded-c4 -m conntrack ! --ctstate DNAT -j ACCEPT
-A quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -d 192.168.1.1/32 -j ACCEPT
-A quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING -d 169.254.169.254/32 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.1:8775
-A quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.16/32 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.4
-A quantum-l3-agent-PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.17/32 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.3
-A quantum-l3-agent-float-snat -s 10.0.0.4/32 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.0.16
-A quantum-l3-agent-snat -j quantum-l3-agent-float-snat
-A quantum-l3-agent-snat -s 10.0.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to-source 192.168.0.15
-A quantum-postrouting-bottom -j quantum-l3-agent-snat
COMMIT |
确定有问题的规则为
-A quantum-l3-agent-POSTROUTING ! -i qg-91757ded-c4 ! -o qg-91757ded-c4 -m conntrack ! --ctstate DNAT -j ACCEPT |
把这条规则删掉后重启iptables,vm能顺利连接外网,问题解决。
参考文献
http:///2010/06/11/iptables-debugging/
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