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模块6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world 1.lack v．& n． 缺乏；缺少的东西 ．..，the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education，lack of food，poverty，disasters and disease. ……，联合国帮助那些国家解决其他问题，如缺乏教育、食物，贫穷问题，自然灾害和疾病。 ①There was no lack of volunteers. 志愿者不乏其人。 ②Robbery charges were dropped for lack of evidence. 抢劫指控因证据不足被撤回。 ③Kevin lacks a willingness to try new things. 凯文缺乏尝试新事物的积极性。 2.face n． 面孔，表明 v． 面对 One of the major problems facing the hill tribe children along the mountainous borders of northern Thailand is poverty. 泰国北部边境沿线山区的孩子们面对的主要问题之一是贫困。 ①It is amazing how Daniels has survived in the face of such strong political opposition. 丹尼尔斯在政治上遭到如此强烈的反对竟能挺过来，真是令人惊讶。 ②She had to face up to the fact that she would never walk again. 她必须敢于面对现实：她再也不能走路了。 ③I’d never say it to her face，but her hair looks terrible. 我绝不会当面告诉她，但她的头发看起来很糟糕。 3.expense n． 费用，花费；代价 ．..and often they cannot afford the expense to purchase important things like medicine. ……他们往往连像药品之类的重要物品都买不起。 归纳拓展 at one’s own expense自费 at the public expense公费 at any expense/cost不管花多少钱或付出多大代价 at the expense of牺牲……；付出……代价 cut down on expenses缩减开支 spare no expense不惜一切代价 living expenses生活开支 ①He didn’t want to devote more time to his business at the expense of his family. 他不想牺牲家庭以在生意上投入更多的时间。 ②The payments he gets barely cover his expenses. 他几乎是入不敷出。 ③Their visit put us to a lot of expense. 他们的来访使我们破费不小。 易混辨析 expense，cost，price，fee (1)expense表示“费用”时，用法和cost相似，可指生活方面的各种费用，但expense多用于指大量、大规模的花费，常用复数。 (2)cost指货物、服务的成本或代价。作“成本、费用”解时是可数名词，指服务费用或一般费用。作“代价，牺牲”解时，既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。 (3)price指“(商品出售的)价格”，尤指卖主所定的价格。 (4)fee常指“会费，学费，报名费，入场费”或者“付给(医生，律师，教师)的服务费，酬金”，是可数名词。 ①We are surprised at the terrible expense of having the house repaired. ②What price did you pay for this suit？(＝What is the price of this suit？) ③What is the actual cost of one unit? ④He couldn’t pay the lawyer’s fees so he decided to speak for himself. 4.means n． 方式；方法；手段 Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages and again no one has the means to pay for them. 医疗保健受到了限制，因为在村里没有医生护士，也没有人能够为他们付得起费用。 ①She is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是个毫无经验的教师。 ②By all means，drink plenty of water while exercising. 当然，锻炼时可以多喝水。 ③The adminastration is looking for new means of financing highways. 政府正在寻找新的途径为修建公路筹集资金。 易混辨析 means，method，manner，way method，manner与means为正式用语。 (1)means指实现目的的任何手段，或使用某种交通工具的方式。 (2)method指有条理的，系统的办法，特别指新的办法。 (3)manner指特殊的或怪异的方式、方法、与动作有关。 (4)way的使用范围很广，但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。 ①What would be the most effective method of advertising our product? ②They are trying to find a way of settling the dispute. ③This is not an economical means of heating. ④The school has decided to adopt a different manner to discipline. 5.remind v． 提醒，使想起 It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several MSF staff were attacked as people tried to get the food. 这使我想起在苏丹的日子，人们在争夺食物时，好几位“无国界医生组织”的成员遭到了攻击。 ①That reminds me of a joke I heard last week. 那让我想起了上周听到的一个笑话。 ②Remind me to phone Alan before I go out. 提醒我出去之前给艾伦打电话。 ③Can you remind me what I should do next? 6.refer to 提到；涉及，有关；查阅，参考；查询 I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN，as it is more often referred to. 我很高兴今天有机会同大家谈谈联合国的情况。联合国在英文里常被称为UN。 归纳拓展 【温馨提示】 refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是referred，referred，referring；refer作为不及物动词与to搭配，to是介词后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 ①If you don’t know what book to get，refer to the list on page 3. 如果你不知道要什么书，请查看第三页上的书单。 ②The victims were not referred to by name. 没有提到受害人的姓名。 ③This paragraph refers to the event of last year. 这一段说的是去年发生的事。 ④She always referred to Ben as“that nice man”． 她总是称本为“那个大好人”。 易混辨析 look up，refer to 都有“参考”“查询”的意思，但搭配不同。 (1)look up的宾语多为word，information等，不可以是book，dictionary，sb.等。 (2)refer to意思比较广泛，它既可作“查询”“查找”讲，又可作“谈到”“提及”讲。其宾语多为book，dictionary，sb.等。 ①You may look up the word in the dictionary if you don’t know its meaning. ②She didn’t even refer to the notes when she made the speech. ③When I meet new words I don’t know，I often refer to the dictionary. 7.break down 打破，毁掉，破除；制服，压倒；坍塌，坏掉；(计划等)失败，不成功；(在健康、精神方面)垮掉 Unfortunately，if the pump breaks down，the repairing of the pump takes several days，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it. 不幸的是，如果水泵坏了的话，修好它得用好多天，因为得从最近的城镇请工程师来修。 归纳拓展 break away from从……中脱离 break in闯入；打断 break into闯入(后接宾语) break out(火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发break through突破(障碍，包围等) break up分开；驱散；解散；结束，终止break off断开；突然终止 ①The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统瘫痪了。 ②Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 她因工作压力身体垮掉了。 ③The talks broke down completely in June 1982. 会议于1982年6月彻底破裂。 8.think back to 回想 When I think back to all the experiences that I have had around the world since joining MSF，I feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile. 每当我回想起自我加入“无国界医生组织”以来我在世界各地的经历时，我就感觉到能够帮助别人做一些有价值的事情是一种幸运。 ①when I think back on/to that day，I can barely recall how she looked. 当我追忆那一天时，我基本上想不起她当时的表情 了。 ②I think of this place as my home. 我把这地方当成了家。 ③Nobody thought less of him for showing his emotions. 没有人因为他表露了自己的情感而减少对他的尊敬。 ④Didn’t you ever think about others? 难道你就从没考虑过别人？ |
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