高考英语考前玩转高频语法系列13专题——名词 一、名词的种类: 1、专有名词: 1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词) 2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。) 2、普通名词: 1)不可数名词 注意:不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词:若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如:have a wonderful time. 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形 式。 如:fishes, newspapers, waters, snows…… | | | | 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪 有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如:times时代,works著作,difficulties困难 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如: a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper…. 2)可数名词: 可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词:A bird can fly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. 有复数形式: a)规则变化——加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略) b)不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)… 注意:c)单、复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)……。如, a sheep, two sheep d)只用复数形式: thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,… e)形复实单:physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means. f)形单实复:people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等 g)集合名词如:family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数;当作 为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如: My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h)复合名词变复数时,a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如: sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹;step-son (s)继子;editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。 b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如:grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人 c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如:a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors 二、名词的所有格: 1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格,一般在名词后加“’s”。如:Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights… 注意:1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如:Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home(工人疗养院),the students’ reading-room 2)复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“’s”。如:her son-in-law’s photo(她女婿的照片);anybody else’s book(其他任何人的书) 3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”; 如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“’s”。如:Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机(不共有) 4)表地点(店铺,某人的家等)的名词所有格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词。如: the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家) 5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“’s”表所有格。 如:half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程) China’s agriculture (中国的农业) 2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。如:the cover of the book 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时。如: the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate? 4、“of词组+所有格”的用法: 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如:a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如: a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。 some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明 those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。 【专项训练】: 1、There are only twelve__________ in the hospital. A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two__________, both of whom are teachers in a school. A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many __________ does a cow have? ——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some __________ visited our school last Wednesday. A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The __________ of the building are covered with lots of __________. A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three__________ missing. A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty __________ engine. A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me __________. A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a __________ while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup tea 10、Can you give us some __________ about the writer? A.informations B.information C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of __________ and two pieces of __________ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than . A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her __________ and __________ . A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising __________ did a lot of __________ to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、——How far away is it from here to your school? ——It’s about __________. A.half an hour’s drive B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s __________. A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs’ Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith’s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of __________. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my __________. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a __________ throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine__________ sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.Peter’ B.Peter C.Peters D.Peters’ 【答案】: 1、B 2、A 3、C stomach(胃)虽是“ch”结尾,但其发音为[k],所以加“s”,不用加“es”。 4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式,直接加“s”。 6、C 7、A 名词作定语一般不用复数。 8、B 9、A 根据句意,打破的应是杯子,而不是茶;名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。 10、B 11、D 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A 16、D 根据上句,此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。 17、D 18、C 19、D a stone’s throw是固定短语,意为“近在咫尺”。 20、B 此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格,本应用Peter’s,但因其在动词后作宾语,所以可用宾格,因此B为正确答案。 |
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