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高考英语考前玩转高频语法系列13专题——句子 句子按使用的目的可分为四类： 1、陈述句 2、疑问句 3、祈使句 4、感叹句 从结构上看句子可分为三种类型： 1、简单句 2、并列句 3、复合句 一、句子的种类（Kinds of Sentences） 1、陈述句： （1） 肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 （2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 说明：叙述或否定一个事实或看法。 2、疑问句： （1）一般疑问句： Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。 Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。 说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开始的问句。回答要用yes或no。 （2）特殊疑问句： Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序（或称为疑问词加一般疑问句） （3）选择疑问句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。 （4）反意疑问句： They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。在陈述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否定；前面句子否定，后为肯定。 He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？ He knows little Russian, does he? 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？ 说明：当陈述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。 （5）祈使句： a．陈述句： Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。 b．否定句： Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。 （6）感叹句： what + n.： What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊！ What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj.： How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ how + adv. ： How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀！ How + adj. + a (an) + n. How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！ 说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。 二、句子的类型（Types of Sentences） 1、简单 句的句子的类型： 一个主语+一个谓语，例： The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。 两个主语+一个谓语，例： Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。 一个主语+两个谓语，例： He opened the door and left. 他打开门出去了。 两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例： Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。 结构特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例： Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！ Many thanks. 万分感谢。 2、简单句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns） 句型结构： （1）主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例： Birds fly. 鸟飞 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 （2）主 + 连系动词 + 表语：S + V + P，例： She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 （3）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语：S + Vt + O，例： He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 （4）主 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例： I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 （5）主 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例： They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 注：S = Subject（主语）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物动词）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物动词）P=Predicative（表语）O=Object（宾语）C=Complement补语 重点、难点： 否定陈述句要注意下列几点： （1）否定陈述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意义的副词也可构成否定陈述句。常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。 （2）其他成分的否定形式 有些句子的结构上属于肯定式，但含有否定意义的词，可分以下几种。 否定的主语： Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。 None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。 No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。 否定的宾语： We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。 He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。 You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。 否定的状语： They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。 We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。 （3）不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句时，表示部分否定。 All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. ) 这里的树并非都是苹果树。（有的是苹果树，有的不是。） Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.) 这姐儿俩并不都是护士。 Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. ) 并不是人人都能做这件事。 强化练习 1、They___________ happy when they hear the news. A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t 2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?” —— “___________.” A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my aunt is C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does 3、We ___________satisfied with their work. A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being 4、He___________ coffee at all. He ___________ tea. A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of 5、She ___________ me only twice since last year. A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen 6、My grandma___________ in the country. Now she ___________ in the city. A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives 7、You___________ make such mistakes again. A．should never B．should not always C．would always not D．would not forever 8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ ___________.” A．Yes, and Jim can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t 9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, ___________.” A．I cycle there B．I walk there C．to the work D．I’ve already been there 10、In England tea ___________ with milk or sugar in it. A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk C．usually is drunk D．drank usually 11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, ___________.” A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike 12、Tom ___________ like reading at all. He___________ interested in playing basketball. A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is 13、When___________ home from work? A．do your parents come B．does your parents come C．have your parents D．our parents come 14、Which of the students___________ the examination? A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed 15、They___________ trouble lifting the heavy box. A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of C．didn’t have much D．haven’t a great deal of 16、—— “Did you have breakfast this morning? —— “___________.” A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have. 17、___________ colour is the cover of the dictionary? A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose 18、 “___________ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.” A．What time B．How long C．When D．How many times 19、There are many pictures on the wall. ___________do you like best? A．What B．Which one C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture 20、Since when___________ her? A．did you know B．have you known C．do you know D．you know 21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “___________.” A．Yes, it is B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t 22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “___________.” A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back 23、 “___________ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.” A．Which number B．What number C．What size D．What 24、 “___________ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.” A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which 25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ___________ ? A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not 26、___________ is the distance between these two villages? A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much 27、___________ do you go to the cinema? Twice a month. A．How many time B．How much C．How long D．How often 28、How ___________ it in English? A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak 29、___________is the population of the city? A．How much B．How many C．How D．What 30、___________ did she get this information? A．Whom B．Who C．Where D．What 31、___________does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan. A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive 32、About___________ do you want to know more? A．Whom B．who C．which D．what 33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. ——What do you suppose___________ to her. A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D ．having happened 34、——Have you heard the news about Jim? ——No. What ___________? A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are 35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air? —— ___________ . A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t C．Yes, by air D．By air 36、___________ I go or___________ you go yourself? A．Will…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall 37、——Do you think the question easy or not? ——___________ . A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy 38、Shall we stay at home or___________ to the park? A．to go B．going C．go D．will go 39、___________ writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which 40、——___________ was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic? ——It was open to traffic in 1968. A．What B．What time C．How long D．When 二、感叹句、祈使句 41、___________ from Beijing to London! A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it 42、Oh, John, ___________ you gave us! A．How a pleasant sur prise B．How pleasant surprise C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise 43、___________ terrible weather we’ve been having these days! A．How a B．What a C．How D．What 44、___________ girl she is! A．What bright a B．How a bright C．How bright a D．What a bright 45、___________ we have today? A．How fine day B．What fine day C．How a fine day D．What a fine day 46、How ___________flowers are! A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that 47、How ___________! A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time 48、What___________ work he does! A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest 49、___________ careful our monitor is! A．How a B．How C．What a D．What 50、___________ advice he gave us! A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How 51、___________ picture it is! A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a 52、___________ I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong! A．How do B．What do C．What D．How 53、___________ hardworking students they are! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 54、___________ long time it lasted! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 55、___________ down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room. A．Turning B．To turn C．Turn D．Turned 56、Let’s ___________ football in the street. A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing 57、___________ careful when you cross the street. A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do 58、___________ the child___________ all day long! A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry 59、___________ afraid of make mistakes! A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not 60、___________ me again before coming. A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call 三、反意疑问句 61、You’d like some coffee, ___________? A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you 62、I don’t think he will come to the meeting, ___________? A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I 63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, ___________. A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they 64、His father knows little about it, ___________he? A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t 65、We all like reading story books, ___________? A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you 66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre, ___________she? A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t 67、Your father___________ promised to buy a computer for you, ___________he? A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did 68、Be sure to write to us, ___________? A．will you B．aren’t you C．would you D．can you 69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ___________ you? A．do you B．will you C．would D．can 70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ___________? A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we 71、Mary has few friend in Japan, ___________ she? A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t 72、There is a beautiful lake in this city, ___________? A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it 73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ___________? A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there 74、He comes late sometimes, ___________? A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he 75、——You are not a new comer, are you? ——___________. I came here only yesterday. A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not. 76、She could hardly believe it, ___________? A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she 77、You needn’t go, ___________? A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you 78、You must work hard from now on, ___________? A．can you B．won’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you 79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, ___________ you? A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t 80、He must have left home yesterday, ___________ he? A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ___________? A．am I B．do you C．don’t you D．do I 82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, ___________ you? A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t 83、You need to come earlier, ___________you? A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t 84、You dare not go alone, ___________ you? A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t 85、He shouldn’t drink so much, ___________ he? A．should B．ought C ．would D．will 86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ___________ ? A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it 87、I’m late for the meeting, ___________? A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you 88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ___________? A．does he B．doesn’t he C．do they D．don’t they 89、None of the workers attended the party, ___________? A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they 90、Everything is right here, ___________? A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it 91、A lovely day, ___________? A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it 92、He isn’t a diligent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ___________? A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it 93、My sister often needs help with her study, ___________? A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she 94、Y ou should have watered the flower earlier, ___________? A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t you D．haven’t you 95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ___________? A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 96、What a pretty girl, ___________? A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she 97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ___________? A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he 98、I wish to visit the Palace Museum next week, ___________? A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I 99、Let us do it for you, ___________? A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we 100、They have to face the difficulty, ___________they? A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t 【答案】： 1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、C 12、A 13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D 19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C 31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C 37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C 43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B 49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B 55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D 61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B 67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B 73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C 79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C 85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A 91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D 97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B
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