通俗地说,反射机制就是可以把一个类,类的成员(函数,属性),当成一个对象来操作,希望读者能理解,也就是说,类,类的成员,我们在运行的时候还可以动态地去操作他们.
理论的东东太多也没用,下面我们看看实践 Demo ~
Demo:
- package cn.lee.demo;
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- import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
- import java.lang.reflect.Field;
- import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
- import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
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- public class Main {
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- public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
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- Demo1();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo2();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo3();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo4();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo5();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo6();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo7();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Demo8();
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- }
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- public static void Demo1()
- {
- Person person = new Person();
- System.out.println("Demo1: 包名: " + person.getClass().getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + person.getClass().getName());
- }
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- public static void Demo2() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
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- Class<?> class1 = null;
- Class<?> class2 = null;
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- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- System.out.println("Demo2:(写法1) 包名: " + class1.getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + class1.getName());
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- class2 = Person.class;
- System.out.println("Demo2:(写法2) 包名: " + class2.getPackage().getName() + ","
- + "完整类名: " + class2.getName());
- }
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- public static void Demo3() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
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- Person person = (Person) class1.newInstance();
- person.setAge(20);
- person.setName("LeeFeng");
- System.out.println("Demo3: " + person.getName() + " : " + person.getAge());
- }
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- public static void Demo4() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- Person person1 = null;
- Person person2 = null;
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- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
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- Constructor<?>[] constructors = class1.getConstructors();
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- person1 = (Person) constructors[0].newInstance();
- person1.setAge(30);
- person1.setName("leeFeng");
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- person2 = (Person) constructors[1].newInstance(20,"leeFeng");
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- System.out.println("Demo4: " + person1.getName() + " : " + person1.getAge()
- + " , " + person2.getName() + " : " + person2.getAge()
- );
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- }
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- public static void Demo5() throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.Person");
- Object obj = class1.newInstance();
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- Field personNameField = class1.getDeclaredField("name");
- personNameField.setAccessible(true);
- personNameField.set(obj, "胖虎先森");
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- System.out.println("Demo5: 修改属性之后得到属性变量的值:" + personNameField.get(obj));
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- }
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- public static void Demo6() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
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- Class<?> superClass = class1.getSuperclass();
- System.out.println("Demo6: SuperMan类的父类名: " + superClass.getName());
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- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Field[] fields = class1.getDeclaredFields();
- for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("类中的成员: " + fields[i]);
- }
- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Method[] methods = class1.getDeclaredMethods();
- for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("Demo6,取得SuperMan类的方法:");
- System.out.println("函数名:" + methods[i].getName());
- System.out.println("函数返回类型:" + methods[i].getReturnType());
- System.out.println("函数访问修饰符:" + Modifier.toString(methods[i].getModifiers()));
- System.out.println("函数代码写法: " + methods[i]);
- }
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- System.out.println("===============================================");
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- Class<?> interfaces[] = class1.getInterfaces();
- for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
- System.out.println("实现的接口类名: " + interfaces[i].getName() );
- }
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- }
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- public static void Demo7() throws ClassNotFoundException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
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- System.out.println("Demo7: \n调用无参方法fly():");
- Method method = class1.getMethod("fly");
- method.invoke(class1.newInstance());
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- System.out.println("调用有参方法walk(int m):");
- method = class1.getMethod("walk",int.class);
- method.invoke(class1.newInstance(),100);
- }
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- public static void Demo8() throws ClassNotFoundException
- {
- Class<?> class1 = null;
- class1 = Class.forName("cn.lee.demo.SuperMan");
- String nameString = class1.getClassLoader().getClass().getName();
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- System.out.println("Demo8: 类加载器类名: " + nameString);
- }
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- }
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- class Person{
- private int age;
- private String name;
- public Person(){
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- }
- public Person(int age, String name){
- this.age = age;
- this.name = name;
- }
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- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
- }
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- class SuperMan extends Person implements ActionInterface
- {
- private boolean BlueBriefs;
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- public void fly()
- {
- System.out.println("超人会飞耶~~");
- }
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- public boolean isBlueBriefs() {
- return BlueBriefs;
- }
- public void setBlueBriefs(boolean blueBriefs) {
- BlueBriefs = blueBriefs;
- }
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- @Override
- public void walk(int m) {
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- System.out.println("超人会走耶~~走了" + m + "米就走不动了!");
- }
- }
- interface ActionInterface{
- public void walk(int m);
- }
个人觉得使用反射机制的一些地方: 1.工厂模式:Factory类中用反射的话,添加了一个新的类之后,就不需要再修改工厂类Factory了 2.数据库JDBC中通过Class.forName(Driver).来获得数据库连接驱动 3.分析类文件:毕竟能得到类中的方法等等 4.访问一些不能访问的变量或属性:破解别人代码
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