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Phonics是什么？ Phonics，即字母拼读法（又译自然拼音）是自然形成的一种发音规则，它主要教授英文字母（letter）与语音（sound）间的对应关系，是美国、加拿大本土孩子的必修课程。在初级英语中70%的单词在拼读时都是有规律可循的。一旦掌握了这种发音规则就不必去翻查字典而能够顺利地将单词读出。一旦孩子们学习了这种不用音标的发音规律可以很快学会拼读不认识的单词，提前进入阅读领域，使英语学习变得简单、快乐、有趣。 为什么要学 Phonics？ Phonics教学在美国至少已经有百年以上的历史了。适当的Phonics教学，一直被认为是最有效、最直接教授母语阅读的方法。美国学者Adams（1990）在PhonicsInstruction for the Nineties 里指出，出现在初级阅读材料中的词汇，其语音和字母间的对应关系相当稳定。孩子通常能从出现频率最高的37个音组中，拼出大约500个最常使用的词汇。 国际音标 和Phonics的区别？ 国际音标如同中文的拼音系统，是另外形成的辅助系统，是为母语不是英语的学习者所服务的。整个系统完整但规则相对抽象，对非母语系学习者确实相当有帮助。但学习一套全新的符号及其发音规则，对小学高年级或初中生都不是很容易。 Phonics 属于英语拼字系统的内在机制，经过百多年来的发展和完善，已是美国孩子的必学课程。Phonics 更注重英文字母和其发音的对应关系，可以迅速提升英语阅读能力。对于英语为母语的学习者，因为有口语优势，在发现字母和发音的对应关系后，只要能把字的音念出来，就很容易联想到该字的意思，能直接认字或拼字。而中国孩子虽然没有母语背景、但Phonics 对于帮助认字、拼字、提高阅读能力，及从小教授正确英语发音方面仍然具有巨大的积极意义。 总的来说，这两者对中国学习者都是不可或缺的，只是适合学习的年龄段有所不同而已。只掌握音标，会造成现在很多中国孩子都有的碰到生词就无法开口的现象。要知道除了字典，很少有国外书籍或绘本、读本会标注音标哦，无法发音就会严重破坏阅读的流畅性，进而影响到孩子的学习兴趣。而只掌握Phonics，会让孩子发现随着学习深入到脱离初级英语范围后，越来越多的单词无法直接用Phonics拼出，发生和不少欧美人士一样的阅读困难现象。英语发展千百年来，不断吸收各语种词汇，而中国孩子缺乏口语环境，发生读音差错不足为奇。若能引入易学实用的Phonics，然后再系统学习国际音标，将使孩子受用终身！ 英语自然拼读学习的六阶成功法 第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。 第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at 第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog 第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater 第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。 第六阶：单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。 1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。 2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等． 3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等. 4. 第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等． 5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读, 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些辅音不发音，如： ghost,comb, lamb等；要掌握一下和"h"联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh。 6. 第六步，是特殊读法： 单音节词，以元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音． 如： me, hi, go 等等 Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy), ow等有其特别的发音．"c" 和 "k" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等.
自然拼音拼读练习表 第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e Aa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple Ee:egg well red pen net hen bed bell Ii: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill Oo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrich Uu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under cape name tape lake game make take hate these Japanese Chinese bite five nine kite mine nice ride side rose nose rope note pose home rode those tube cube June cute huge 第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie ighoa ow ui ue ai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nailmaid ay:bay ray way say hay pay May lay ee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth ea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea ey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkeyhockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie die igh:right sight night tight hight fighthigh sigh oa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soap ow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl rowhollow low ui:suit juice fruit ue:Sue blue glue true 第三天:ar er ir ur or ar: arm car armchair card cart farm parkgarden er:sister brother under rooster wintermermaid marker mother ir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirtgirl ur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt pursenurse or:porch pork horse horn fort morning cornfork 第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo ea ou:house out mouth count fountain mountainshout mouse ow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flowertower oi:coin oil point noise boil soil poisoncoil oy:oyster boy cowboy soy toy au:august sause sausage naughty autumnapplause aw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawn oo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoonroom cool fool boom foolish oo:book cook good foot look hook ea:head sweater sweat pear lead bearleather feather 第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmb ch:beach lunch cheese bench church chickenchair cherry sh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoesshovel wh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistlewheelchair whisper ph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacyalphabet th:brother feather leather father mother th:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bathmouth teeth kn:knob knee knife knock knit wr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath write mb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb 第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr bl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blondehair fl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flagflower pl:plane play plus planet platform plumplate plant cl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clapclown gl:glove globe glass glue glasses glider br:bright brook brim bride brown breadbrick brother cr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodilecry croissant gr:gray green grass grapes ground growgrandma pr:prixe price prawn press prince princesspray fr:frog frost Friday French fries fruitfront friend frame tr:tractor truck train tray tree triangletrunk trolley dr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dressdrink 第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew y sm:smile small smell smoke smooth sn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakerssneakers snack sl:slow slap sleep slide slope sled sw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swingsweater sweat sp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spell st:stockings store star stamp storm stickstudent stand sc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scalescorpion scoop sk:skunk skis skirt skates all:call tall fall ball wall ew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaper Yy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happybaby 自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twister 1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug. 2.A big black bug bit a big black dog onhis big black nose! 3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat. 4.A fat cat catches a mad rat. 5.Blue glue gun, green glue gun. 6.Black background, brown background. 7.A noisy noise annoys an oyster. 8.A good cook can cook good cookies. 9.At noon I took a good book，andsat by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in thepool.Oh! How cool, how cool. 10.The hunter and his huge horse hidebehind in house. 11. Betty better butter Brad's bread. 12.Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town. 13.The first is the first.The third is thethird.The third can be the first, The first can be the third. 14.Sir, this girl wearing a dirty skirt isnot the first, but the third. 15.A flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Saidthe flea, "Let us fly!" Said the fly, "Let us flee!" Sothey flew through a flaw in the flue. 16. I wish you were a fish in my dish. 17.Jean's three sheep are near the greenjeep. 18.There are thirty -three thousand threehundred and thirty-three feathers on that bird's throat. 20.It’s a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing acoat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear andcombing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at aclock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye. |
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