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【推理判断题宏观定位】要求考生在理解原文直接陈述观点的基础上领悟作者的言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推理，得出符合作者意愿的结论。即要求考生根据文章提供的线索和事实进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到过的事实或某事发生的可能性，将间接论据连贯起来，得出一个合理（指准确地从原文中推理，而不是考生主观认为的合理）的结论，因此，考生不仅要掌握文章的表层意思还要理解其深层的内涵，不仅要掌握已言明的观点和倾向，还要获得字里行间的信息。 此题目难度较大，因为此题涉及范围广泛，如人物的性格、心理、故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。考生因找准文中提供的相应的文字信息，特别是关键词语，把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文的逻辑关系来判断，并能领悟文字的弦外之音。也可以借助常识或文化背景来判断。推理题在提问中常用的词有： infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。 【李炳璋特别提示】当做此类题时，力求每个考生务必从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。所谓高考阅读理解中的推理判断题，我觉得可以比较狭义去认为是指那些针对文章所隐含的内容、作者未言明的观点或含蓄表达的立场或态度所设置的问题。主要考察概括、归纳、比较、推理等综合能力。 【推理判断题解题的关键】 我个人觉得解答推理判断题的关键是把握文章内部的逻辑关系，做好深层理解。以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，紧扣主旨，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想象，随意分析，不能就事论事，以偏概全。 【推理判断题常见题干命题方式】 【eg1】What is the author’s attitude towards…? 【eg2】The main purpose of the survey is to ________. 【eg3】What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? 【eg4】What would the author probably discuss in the passage that follows? 【eg5】The underlined sentenced in the second paragraph implied that _________. 【eg6】The passage is probably taken from a _______. 【eg7】We can infer from the passage that the author _________. 【eg8】It may be concluded from the passage that_______. 【eg9】What’s the author’s attitude towards...？ 【eg10】The author implies/suggests that_________. 【eg11】The last paragraph indicates that _________. 【eg12】From the last paragraph we can infer that________ . 【eg13】The author may agree with _______. 【eg14】The author’s attitude towards…can be described as________. 【eg15】In writing this passage , the author mainly intends to _________. 【eg16】The author uses the examples of... to show that___________. 【eg17】In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed? 【eg18】The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________. 【eg19】To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should . 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： a) 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 b) 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 c) 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 d) 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 e) 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 【李炳璋经验技巧分享】 001.不选择照抄原文的选项（照抄原文的选项往往命题人出题时的干扰项），要选择有同义词解释的选项。 002.在四个选项中，不选事实细节选项，选概括性/哲理性的选项。 003.尽量不选选项中带有太过绝对化或过于强烈的词汇，如：all, always, complete, entire, only, just等。 004.推理判断题高考命题人常出的陷阱（即干扰选项）基本特点： 1.根据大家的常识正确，但却不是基于文章（风马牛不相及）【这样的选项迷惑性最大】； 2.文不符题或答非所问【在高考考场中很多考生选了这样的错误选项却很难察觉，很大的原因在于高考时过于紧张】； 3.选项看似合理，但有违主旨，以偏概全【这样的选项是最容易被考生在考场中选择中的，所以必须提高做题的理论与技巧意识】。 【典型例题解说】 001.因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。 【例1】When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?" 1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much 【解析】这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员天天向作者示好，作者产生误解，以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊，作者认为女孩爱上他有点希奇。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身，并提到她母亲也是单身，并邀请他与她母亲见面，可见，女孩天天向他问好，目的是想取得他的好感，进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。 【例2】The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act" in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers. “Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir"（纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public. 1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________. A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act" D .So that he can relax 2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________ A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public B. Because he wants to sell more records C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he wants to stay popular 【解析】 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道，正因为这个行业竞争激烈，所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动，协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。 2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作，直接原因文中已有论述，即，表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业，新人不断涌现，对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么？通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作，是因为他要保持他的名气，延长他的艺术生命。 【例3】Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper. “You, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want." “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?" “What is it?" Napoleon asked. “We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?" Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard. At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing. “Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?" 1.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for? A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people. B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated. C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger. D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's. 2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple? A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him. B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger. C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him. D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger. 【解析】 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, " said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?" 可以看出来，这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。 2. 此题为因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?" 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板，他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。 【例4】（全国高考—福建卷A篇） Paul Zindel’s death on March 27,2003 ended the brilliant life of a famous writer. Not only did Paul Zindel win a Pulitzer Prize as well as an Obie Prize for his 1970 play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds, but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）. The Pigman, published in 1968, is still one of the most well-known and widely-taught novels in the genre. The American Library Association has named it one of the 100 Best of the Best Books for Young Adults published between 1967 and 1992, and Zindel’s autobiography, The Pigman and Me, was among the 100 Best of the Best Books published for teenagers during the last part of the twentieth century. Six of Zindel’s books, in fact, have been voted the Best Books for Young Adults, and most of his recent horror books-such as The Doom Stone and Rats-have been chosen as Quick Picks for Reluctant Young Adult Readers. Clearly, he was a writer who knew how to interest contemporary children. Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements, and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature. With his passing, young readers, teachers, and librarians have lost a great friend. 57. Why was Paul Zindel honored with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize? 【解析】选C。从第二段第一句中的后半句…but be was one of the earliest writers in the field of contemporary（当代的） literature for young adults（成人）及倒数第二句前半句Recognizing that, the American Library Association in 2002 honored Paul Zindel with the Margaret A. Edwards Prize for his lifetime achievements,可知Paul Zindel是当代文学领域中最早期的作家之一,2002年美国文学协会授予他Margaret A. Edwards Prize以表彰他毕生的成就。综合两部分考虑，可知选项C正确。从倒数第二句后半句and later that same year he was presented with the ALAN Prize for his contributions to Young Adult Literature.排除选项D。 002.逻辑结论题 此类题是严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点进行推理，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。要首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的事实，然后按要求判断。 【例】2005安徽卷： Just as crying can be healthy, not crying — holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering — can be bad for physical (身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don't fight it. It's a natural — and healthy — emotional response (反应). 61, It can be inferred from the text that ______. A．there are two ways to keep healthy B．crying does more good to health than laughing C．crying and laughing play the same roles D．emotional health has a close relationship to physical health 【答案】D 003.写作意图推测题 此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这类题型不仅要求考生能理解文章的内容，而且还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及写作手法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。 【例1】 Earthquake may rightly ranked as one of the most disastrous forces known to man: since record began to be written down, it has been estimated (估计) that earthquake-related deaths have numbered in the millions, and that earthquake-related loss has been beyond calculation… The great majority of all earthquake occurred in two particular areas in history… It is doubtful that man will be ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their damage altogether .But as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood, man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur. Q: The author’s purpose in writing the passage probably is to ____. A. inform the reader B. entertain the reader C. support a theory D. question a theory 【解析】文章第一段介绍地震给人类造成的危害，第二段分析地震频发的地方，第三段分析地震预防方面的前景， 因此可以推断写作目的不是娱乐，也不是就某一理论提出质疑，而是给读者提供一些信息，教育读者。答案是A。 【例2】Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. 1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________. A. to focus on the differences between the two B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two C. to simplify the concept of the human genome D. to give an exact description of the human genome 【解析】 “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书，使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。 004.态度、观点判断题 作者的态度、思想倾向是指对作者陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记述和描写的人、物或事件等是赞扬、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰的词语中。因此，在推理判断的过程中，因特别注意作者的措辞。 【例】Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all the bad news. Q: The author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to ______. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 【解析】 作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只刊登不好的新闻，如凶杀、行贿、死亡等，二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪，故最佳答案是A 。 005.预测推断题 有些题目要求考生根据语境对可能出现的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的预测。 【例】（全国高考—上海卷C篇） I THIRST Each day water-related diseases kill 3,900 of world’s children. Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water. More than 2.5 billion people lack basic sanitation.(卫生设备) The combination proves deadly. Each year, diseases related to inadequate water and sanitation kill between 2 and 5 million people and cause an estimated 80 percent of all sicknesses in the developing world. Safe drinking water is a precondition for health and the fight against child death rate, inequality between men and women, and poverty. … Here are three ways you can help: 1) Write Congress … 2) Sponsor a project with a faith-based organization … 3) Support nonprofit water organizations Numerous U.S.-based nonprofits work skillfully abroad in community-led projects related to drinking water and sanitation. Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows: some organizations are large, other small-scale, some operate worldwide, others are devoted to certain areas in Africa, Asia, or Latin America. Support them generously. 75. What information will probably be provided following the last paragraph? A. A variety of companies and their worldwide operation. B. A list of nonprofit water organizations to make contact with. C. Some ways to get financial aids from U.S. Congress. D. A few water resources exploited by some world-famous organizations. 【解析】选B。这是一篇广告，要求为全世界缺水或饮用水不安全的人捐献一份爱心。本题是一道预测题。根据最后一段Like the sample of non-profits noted as follows:… 一句可预测下一段将为读者提供的是“非赢利性组织名单”，以便捐献爱心的人和他们取得联系。因此正确答案选B。其他三个选项都与本广告的目的不符，故都排除。 006.文章结论推断题 由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。 例题：（全国高考—广东卷D篇） In 1837, the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word " queue" (排队). He Shopkeeper to customer: Excuse me, miss, are you pregnant (怀孕)? Customer: Well, I wasn’t when I joined the queue. Today, according to research in America, we (in Britain) can spend up to 5 years of our lives … But some people just like queuing. One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale, and then returned home for breakfast at nine o’ clock the next morning without going into the shop. 71. We can infer from the passage that ________. A. queue management doesn’t work well 【解析】选B。文章结论推断题。文章最后说了“But some people just like queuing.”，该句表明在英国还是有人喜欢排队，因此排队仍然存在。 007.人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意： （1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。 （2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。 （3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。 【例1】（全国高考—安徽卷E篇） Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal. I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said. “He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.” He hasn’t forgotten them. He’ s just decided that he’ s not going to use them. She confessed (坦白) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor. Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say, “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home. “Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents. A. lazy B. quiet G. unusual D. rude A. pay no attention to them B. are too busy to look after them 75. What is the author’s opinion about the sudden change in teenage children? A. Parents have no choice but to try to accept it. 【解析】73. 选D。 此题属于“人物性格推断题”。从文中第二段“One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman.”以及其后的细节描述和该段最后一句话“He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.”可以看出：一位严厉的母亲想把她的孩子培养成绅士，但是她的孩子后来对客人的表现却是很不礼貌。 74. 选D。此题属于“人物心情处境推断题”。最后一段，“‘Where did we go wrong?’ her parents are now very sad.”一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为D。 75. 选A。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，文中第一句话“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it.”就表明了作者的观点，父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自己。应当采取措施面对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.”做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。 【例2】（全国高考—北京卷C篇） How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful? … The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain. … A. Dangerous. B. Unhappy. C. Natural. D. Easy. 【解析】64. 选B。此题属于“态度及观点推断题”，由本段中的第一句话keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments，以及后文当中的The animals are kept together in small spaces, 和 a sign of unhappiness and pain. 可以推断出作者认为动物园中的动物的生活不幸福。 【例3】A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right," said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead." “Well sir," said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday." The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!" 1. What kind of man would you say the old man was? A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant. C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very impolite to young people. 【解析】记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人，希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话（我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我？你似乎还很健康呀！）表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。 Three men were discussing how to donate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea. The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God." The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts." The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can." At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily. 1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion: A. All the three men were kindhearted. B. The third man is more generous than the other two. C. None of them believed in God. D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people. 【解析】从三人提的建议看，他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱，三人都是吝啬的人，故选D。 008.细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 【例1】(2008年全国卷I、II B篇) MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border(边界) to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $ 10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security(安全) rules. The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church. … 59. We learn from the text that Richard Albert is _______. A. an American living in Township 15 B. a Canadian living in a Quebec village C. a Canadian working in a customs station D. an American working in a Canadian church 答案与解析：选A。根据第一段中的cost a US citizen $ 10,000可以推断出Richard Albert是美国人，working in a Canadian church与第二段后两句事实不符。 【例2】 A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truthtellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truthteller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he lives on the western side of the island." Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure? 1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________ A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth. B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie. C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not. D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true. 2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong? A. He may live on the eastern side of the island. B. He may live on the western side of the island. C. He may be telling the truth. D. He can't be telling the truth. 【解析】第1题是推测有关信使（近处的当地人）的情况的。我们知道，讲真话的部落住在岛的西部，撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边（东部还是西部）。远方的当地人只能有两种情况，要么住在岛的西部，要么住在岛的东部。假如他住在岛的西部，他就是一个讲真话的人，他就会如实回答他住在西部。假如他住在岛的东部，他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部，但在回答时，必须要说谎，他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部，他的回答只有一个：“我住在西部”。假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部，信使无疑是说了真话，那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之，假如信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部，那么信使就说了假话，信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。 第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看，我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部，两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要留意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”，语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。 009.猜测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路（如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述），从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。 【例1】We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However… 1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph? A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Computers are as clever as man. C. Many people like computers very much. D.I don't think computers will replace us completely. 【解析】 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势，但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点，答案为D。 【例2】There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walked to the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the garage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients. “Oh, Doctor." she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help". 1.Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story? A. “Yes, he does need help — your help, not mine." B. “Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?" C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope I'm not too late." D. “I didn't get your call. But I'm here and hope I can help". 【解析】出事故的车恰恰是医生的车，当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时，他会不失幽默地说：“是的，他需要帮助，是你的帮助，而不是我的帮助”。——他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。 010.篇章结构推断题 根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。 【例1】（全国高考—湖北卷A篇） Have you ever wondered why birds sing? Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy. 【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。故选A. 【例2】（2008年全国高考—浙江卷C篇） In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. First of all, the job made huge demands on my strength… … I stayed on the job for five months, all the while hating the difficulty of the work, the poor money, and the conditions under which I worked. By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again. 52. How is the text organized? A. Topic—Argument—Explanation B. Opinion—Discussion--Description C. Main idea—Comparison—Supporting examples D. Introduction—Supporting examples—Conclusion 【解析】选D。本题考查对语篇的结构理解。本文为记叙文的一般结构，本文叙述了作者上学时在一个苹果加工厂打工的经历。作者在第一段提出在苹果加工厂工作的辛苦，工资低和工作条件差（The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.），中间三段举例描述，最后一段得出“再也不愿意做”的结论（By the time I left, I was determined never to go back there again.）。
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来自： 昵称21189171 > 《3.2阅读》
