并列连词主要分为以下几类: 1.表示意义顺承或延伸的并列连词有:and"和,又",both...and..."不仅……而且……",not only...but also"不但……而且……",as well as"除……之外,还",neither...nor..."既不……也不……"。 2.表示选择的并列连词有:or"或者,不然,否则",either...or... "或者……或者……"。 3.表示转折或对比的并列连词有:but(表示转折),while(表示对比,用于连接两个表示转折关系的分句),not...but..."不是……而是……"。 4.表示因果关系的并列连词有:so "因此,所以",for"因为,由于"。 【误区警示】 1.both...and的否定句表示部分否定。如: He cant play both the violin and the piano. 他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。(表示不全会) 2.neither...nor本身是全否定,故不再用否定词,即不能再加not。 Neither you nor I am not right.(×) Neither you nor I am right.(√)你和我都不对。 3.either...or的否定句表示的是全否定意义。如: Either you or he isn’t right.你和他都不对。 介词可分为简单介词和合成介词 1.简单介词:指的是由一个单词构成的介词,它也可能由形容词、副词、名词、连词等转变而来,常用的有after, among, along, against, above, across, about, before, toward(s), through, like, from, for, down, during, except, than等。 2.合成介词:这类介词由两个单词组合而成,连写,已成为独立的单词,常用的有into "进入", inside "在(或向)……内", outside "在……外面", without "没有", throughout "遍及", upon "在……上", alongside "在……旁边"等。 英语中有部分介词可兼作副词或连词,我们应根据其在句子中的作用来正确识别。 Keep off the grass. 请勿践踏草坪。(介词) She took her gloves off. 她脱掉了手套。(副词) It is ten years since we two parted. 我们两人分别已经有十年了。(连词) We have been friends ever since. 从此我们一直是朋友。(副词) 介词搭配 能够和介词一起构成搭配的词很多,常见的有以下几种形式。 1.介词+名词或代词,如:on the desk,in front of me。 2.介词+形容词或副词,如:far from,from above。 3.介词+动词不定式或动词\|ing形式,如: Jackie insisted on being present at the meeting. They had no choice but to delay their trip. 4.介词+介词短语,如:from under the bed。 5.介词+名词性从句,如: He is really an excellent graduate except that he doesnt have enough experience. 介词的位置 介词通常位于名词或代词的前面,但在有些情况下,尤其在口语中,介词可出现在宾语的后面。 1.介词的宾语是疑问词时。 What are you worrying about? 2.在定语从句中,介词的宾语是关系代词时。 This is the best way that I can think of now. 3.含有介词的动词不定式作定语或状语时。 There is nothing to be proud of. 4.短语动词用于被动语态时。 The poor puppy was run over by a car. 介词短语的构成有两种 1.由"副词或其他+介词"构成的介词短语,如:away from "离开",as to "关于(至于)",apart from "除……外",because of "由于",due to "由于",except for "除……外",owing to "由于",together with "同……一起",thanks to"多亏"等。 2.由"介词+名词+介词"构成的介词短语,如:at the cost of "以……为代价",by means of "依靠……方法",for the sake of "为了……",in the name of "以……的名义",on the point of "正要……",under the control of "在……的控制下",in/with regard to"关于"等。 介词短语是由两个或两个以上的单词构成,其作用只相当于一个介词。要注意的是,这类介词是短语性的固定搭配,都是固定的,不可随意变更,如by means of 不可说成by means to。 |
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