高中英语短文改错特训：母语干扰

很多同学习惯用汉语思维，对平时学过的英语表达方法与英语句式结构、句型和习语不能正确使用，而是造出一些汉语式英语句子，如：“我英语学习不好。”误为：“I study English not well.”“不要在阳光下看书。” 误为“Don’t see the book under the sun.”“他乘飞机去上海。”误为“He by plane to Shanghai.”这都是受汉语思维影响而出现的错误，不符合英语句法结构。汉语负迁移引起的错误主要有：

一、“缺头少腿”类

　　1. 缺少主语

　　误：But was already 4 o’clock.

　　正：But it was already 4 o’clock.

　　误：Yesterday planted a lot of trees.

　　正：Yesterday a lot of trees were planted.

　　点拔：除祈使句外，一般情况下，句子都要有主语。

　　2. 缺少谓语

　　误：The new playground in front of the school now.

　　正：The new playground is in front of the school now.

　　误：I often by bike to school.

　　正：I often ride a bike to school. / I often go to school by bike.

　　误：Mr. Li ill. Who will instead of him?

　　正：Mr. Li is ill. Who will be instead of him?

　　点拔：任何一个完整的句子必须有动词谓语。

　　3. 缺少宾语

　　误：He seated on the grass.

　　正：He seated himself on the grass.

二、“画蛇添足”类

　　1. 语义重复

　　误：He returned back yesterday.

　　正：He returned yesterday.

　　误：His English is very wonderful.

　　正：His English is wonderful.

　　2. 谓语重叠

　　误：There were a lot of people died in the fire.

　　正：There were a lot of people who died in the fire.

　　误：He got up, hurried to the school.

　　正：He got up and hurried to the school.

　　点拔：一个句子一般只能使用一个动词作谓语。

　　3. 多用宾语

　　误：He dressed his clothes quickly.

　　正：He dressed quickly.

　　4. 多用介词

　　误：We must serve for the people heart and soul.

　　正：We must serve the people heart and soul.

　　误：When we entered into the room, the meeting had already begun.

　　正：When we entered the room, the meeting had already begun.　

三、“张冠李戴”类

　　主要是句子成份用词不当和词性、语态等误用。如：

　　1. 误用主语

　　误：My work is very busy.

　　正：I am very busy with my work.

　　误：Don’t worry. Your body will get well soon.

　　正：Don’t worry. You will get well soon.

　　2. 误用谓语

　　误：The time past quickly.

　　正：The time passed quickly.

　　3. 误用宾语

　　误：My parents patted Ah Fu ‘s head.

　　正：My parents patted AhFu on the head.

　　误：I was very glad to hear from her letter.

　　正：I was very glad to hear from her.

　　4. 误用表语

　　误：The price of my car is very expensive.

　　正：The price of my car is very high..

　　5. 误用定语

　　误：China has a more population than any other country in the world.

　　正：China has a greater population than any other country in the world.

　　误：He has a hot body temperature.

　　正：He has a high body temperature.

　　6. 误用介词

　　误：He works in the farm.

　　正：He works on the farm.

　　误：Don’t read under the sunlight.

　　正：Don’t read in the sunlight.

　　误：The thief fled away to the direction of the coast.

　　正：The chief fled away in the direction of the coast.

四、“乱点鸳鸯”类

　　句子成份搭配不当常见错误有：

　　1. 主谓不当

　　误：Hunan rained heavily yesterday.

　　正：It rained heavily yesterday in Hunan.

　　误：My hometown has taken place great changes.

　　正：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

　　2. 动宾不当

　　误：We want to see TV this evening.

　　正：We want to watch TV.

　　误：I’m so glad to hear from your letter.

　　正：I’m so glad to receive your letter. / I’m so glad to hear from you.

　　误：I expect that you can help my English.

　　正：I expect that you can help me with English.

　　3. 系表不当

　　误：If I have free, I will help you.

　　正：If I am free, I will help you.

　　误：My dream has become true.

　　正：My dream has come true.

五、“生搬硬套”类

　　有些同学不善于运用五种英语基本句式及英语的习惯表达方式，采取直译、死译、硬译的方式，汉语词序+英语单词，写出来的句子极不地道，读来令人啼笑皆非。

　　误：He has possible go abroad.

　　正：There is possibility that he will go abroad.

　　或：It is possible/ likely that he will go abroad./ He is likely to go abroad.

　　误：Welcome you to visit our university.

　　正：You are welcome to visit our university.

　　误：Don’t Luban’s door play axe.

　　正：Don’t offer to teach fish to swim.

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