|
陷阱一：由定位题干关键词变成定位选项关键词 考生定位题干关键词只需要定位一到两个词。但是，定位选项关键词则要求考生定位四个或四个以上的词，增加考生花费的时间，也加大试题的难度，常出现在推断题和判断正误题中。 例1 From the passage we can learn that the Post ______. A. allows article submissions within six weeks B. favors science articles within 2，000 words C. has a huge demand for humorous works D. prefers nonfiction to fiction articles 分析：推断题。题干有一个关键词the Post。但是，该词汇在文章中出现过多次，所以无法通过定位该词得到答案。此时就需要定位选项关键词了。A项关键词为article submissions和six weeks，B项关键词为science articles和2，000 words，C项关键词为humorous works，D项关键词为nonfiction和fiction。经过查找，发现它们在文章中均可定位到。这时，考生就要仔细比对四个选项和原文的信息来推断了。 例2 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A. Austen was born 200 years ago. B. Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice. C. Austen’s success lies in her wisdom. D. Austen’s updated work gains popularity. 分析：判断正误题的题干往往没有关键词可供查找，必须通过定位选项关键词。A选项的关键词为born和200 years，判断的关键在于找到文章中提到的出生年份，然后进行计算;B选项的关键词为rewrote和Pride and Prejudice;C选项的关键词为success和wisdom;D选项的关键词为updated work和popularity。根据每个选项的关键词回文章中定位后，再进行信息比对，仔细排查，最终才能确定答案。 陷阱二：题干关键词被同义转述、替换或隐藏 命题者有时会对题干关键词进行同义转述、替换或隐藏，以增加难度。 例3 Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular？ A. More Americans are doing it for fun. B. The price of oil is lower than before. C. There’s a growing need for fruits. D. The cost of living is on the rise. 分析：题干的关键词为vegetable gardening和popular。考生能很快定位出前一个关键词在原文第二段的第一句：They are among the growing number of Americans who，driven by higher living costs and a falling economy，have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. 但是，popular这个词在该句中却没有原词。由于题目问的是为什么vegetable gardening流行起来，所以“流行”这个词考生必须定位出来。经过对该句的分析可以发现，句中的the growing number of Americans为题干关键词popular的同义转述，最终确定该句为答案所在句。 例4 What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways？ A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned. B. Some railroad stops remained underused. C. Land in the West was hard to manage. D. Land grants went into private hands. 分析：该题的关键词为construction of the railways和problem。通过定位第一个关键词，能确定答案在文章的前两段（前两段提到了railway这个关键词），但是problem一直无法找到。此时，考生需要确定该词在文中是否被同义转述、替换或隐藏了。通过分析和比对，我们最终可确定其在第二段被同义替换：In much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.其中的unique challenges意思是“极大的挑战”，也就等同于problem，由此确定答案所在句的位置。 题干关键词的同义替换难度较大，不仅要求考生熟悉常见词汇的近义词和同义词，还要求考生有一定的深层理解能力，能够辨识出经过解释、改换词性等方法伪装的关键词。不过，同义替换也有一定的规律：一般被同义替换的关键词以表示抽象概念的名词和形容词居多，如上述题干中的problem和popular。 隐藏关键词是难度最大的一种。所谓隐藏，是命题者对关键词进行“过分地修饰”。考生已经很难从表面或字面意思来判断它是否是要找的关键词。 例5 Until recently most historians believed that trade along the Silk Road _______. A. originated in the 2nd century BC B. extended human migration into eastern Asia C. began a million years ago D. primarily benefited the Egyptians 分析：该题的关键词为most historians和trade along the Silk Road。通过定位第二个关键词，可以定位到第三段（整段讲丝绸之路的贸易），但是寻遍该段也没有找到与“大部分历史学家”有关的词语。该段有提到historians这个词，但没有most之类的修饰词出现，我们很难确定答案的具体位置。其实，并不是我们找错了位置，而是关键词被隐藏了。该段第一句话原文如下：The official origin（of East-West commerce along the road）is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC when an agent of the Chinese Emperor Wu-di returned from a dangerous secret mission across the desert into the remote high country of Central Asia. 我们对该句简化，去掉when引导的时间状语从句及括号内的修饰语，即：The official origin is usually placed in the late 2nd century BC. 在这句话中，official的意思是“较为正式的;公认的”，可理解为“正史的或官方的”，和“大部分历史学家相信”相对应，从而确定该句为正确答案所在的定位句。 陷阱三：虚假关键词干扰定位 所谓虚假关键词陷阱，是指通过关键词查找的定位句并非答案所在的句子，而真正的关键词则被伪装或隐藏了。这种出题方式具有很强的“杀伤力”，考生很容易出错。 例6 How did the author get to know America？ A. From her relatives. B. From her mother. C. From books and pictures. D. From radio programs. 分析：该题的关键词为America。通过查找，很快就能定位到第一段的中间部分：I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house，and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. 但是，题目问的是作者是如何了解美国的，定位句无法回答题目所提出的问题。继续阅读文章，我们可以发现该题的正确答案在第二段的后半部分：When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see — the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. 该句并未直接出现America这个关键词，而是以“我将要去的地方”和“那个陌生又神奇的地方”来指代美国。同时，该句中的from books and pictures与C选项一致。 |
|
|
