How to Automate Startup/Shutdown of Oracle Database on Linux [ID 222813.1]

How to Automate Startup/Shutdown of Oracle Database on Linux [ID 222813.1]
		Modified 22-NOV-2010     Type BULLETIN     Status PUBLISHED

In this Document
  Purpose
  Scope and Application
  How to Automate Startup/Shutdown of Oracle Database on Linux
  References

---

Applies to:

Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition - Version: 8.0.3.0 to 10.1.0.2 - Release: 8.0.3 to 10.1
Linux OS - Version: 2.4 to 2.6]
Linux x86
Linux x86-64
Linux Itanium
Linux Kernel - Version: 2.4 to 2.6
This document applies to:
SLES7, SLES8, SLES9, SLES10
RHAS 2.1, RHEL 3,4,5, OEL 4,5

***Checked for relevance on 22-November-2010***

Purpose

This document aims to demonstrate automatic startup and shutdown of Oracle databases on Linux. 

Scope and Application

The information in this document is useful for system administrators and database administrators trying to automate Oracle database startup and shutdown. The document describes the detailed steps for configuration on Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1, RedHat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 3,4,5, SuSE SLES7, United Linux 1.0 (SuSE SLES8 Edition), SLES9, SLES10, Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) 4,5.  The information may not apply to other Linux distributions.

The following configuration is done to allow Oracle database be up and running in runlevels 3 (character mode) and 5 (X-Window system) and the start / stop commands does not provide the exhaustive list of all possibilities and it presents an example. Therefore the exact scripts may not work with your configuration

Since the configuration is based on dbstart and dbshut scripts provided by the Oracle Server installation, please see Note 207508.1

The configuration also facilitates automated startup shutdown of Intelligent Agent, Management Server and HTTP Server, which are available with Oracle Server.

The information in this document does not apply to Oracle Internet Application Server. Still the script can be configured to handle starting up and shutting  down iAS processes. 

How to Automate Startup/Shutdown of Oracle Database on Linux

1. Update 'oratab' (under /etc or /var/opt/oracle) as:

   <SID>:<ORACLE_HOME>:Y

where Y states that the database can be started up and shutdown using 
dbstart/dbshut.

2. Create the service script:

     /etc/init.d/dbora

Note: In Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1, the /etc/init.d is is a symbolic link to  /etc/rc.d/init.d 

Content of the script is as follows:

[sql] view plaincopy

1. #!/bin/bash  
2.   #  
3.   # chkconfig: 2345 99 10     
4.   # description: Starts and stops Oracle processes  
5.   #  
6.   # Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME  
7.   # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;  
8.   #  
9.   # Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the  
10.   # Oracle database in ORA_HOME.  
11.   #  
12.   ORA_HOME=<Type your ORACLE_HOME in full path here>  
13.   ORA_OWNER=<Type your Oracle account name here>  
14.   
15.   case "$1" in  
16.     'start')  
17.        # Start the TNS Listener  
18.        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"  
19.        # Start the Oracle databases:  
20.        # The following command assumes that the oracle login  
21.        # will not prompt the user for any values  
22.        su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart  
23.        # Start the Intelligent Agent  
24.        if [ -f $ORA_HOME/bin/emctl ]; then  
25.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start agent"  
26.        elif [ -f $ORA_HOME/bin/agentctl ]; then  
27.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/agentctl start"  
28.        else  
29.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl dbsnmp_start"  
30.        fi  
31.        # Start Management Server  
32.        if [ -f $ORA_HOME/bin/emctl ]; then  
33.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"  
34.        elif [ -f $ORA_HOME/bin/oemctl ]; then  
35.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/oemctl start oms"  
36.        fi  
37.        # Start HTTP Server  
38.        if [ -f $ORA_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl ]; then  
39.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl start"  
40.        fi  
41.        touch /var/lock/subsys/dbora  
42.        ;;  
43.     'stop')  
44.        # Stop HTTP Server  
45.        if [ -f $ORA_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl ]; then  
46.           su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin/apachectl stop"  
47.        fi  
48.        # Stop the TNS Listener  
49.        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"  
50.        # Stop the Oracle databases:  
51.        # The following command assumes that the oracle login  
52.        # will not prompt the user for any values  
53.        su - $ORA_OWNER -c $ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut  
54.        rm -f /var/lock/subsys/dbora  
55.        ;;  
56.   esac  
57.   # End of script dbora  

or

[sql] view plaincopy

1. #! /bin/sh  
2. #  
3. # MEmes: 03/07/2011: Oracle SysV script  
4. #  
5. # chkconfig: 2345 98 2  
6. # description: Oracle database start/stop script  
7.   
8. ### BEGIN INIT INFO  
9. # Provides:             oracle  
10. # Required-Start:       $network  
11. # Required-Stop:  
12. # Default-Start:        2 3 4 5  
13. # Default-Stop:         0 1 6  
14. # Short-Description:    Oracle database start/stop script  
15. # Description:          Automatically starts/stops oracle instance  
16. ### END INIT INFO  
17.   
18. ORACLE_USER=${ORACLE_USER:-oracle}  
19. ORACLE_SID=${ORACLE_SID:-oracle}  
20. ORAENV_ASK=NO  
21. PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin  
22. [ -r /usr/local/bin/oraenv ] &&     . /usr/local/bin/oraenv > /dev/null 2>/dev/null  
23.   
24. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions  
25.   
26. prep ()  
27. {  
28.     # Test for valid ORACLE_HOME  
29.     if [ ! -d "${ORACLE_HOME}" ]; then  
30.         failure $"ORACLE_HOME is not a valid directory: ${ORACLE_HOME}"  
31.         echo  
32.         exit 1  
33.     fi  
34.     # Test for SQL*Plus executable  
35.     SQLPLUS=${SQLPLUS:-"${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/sqlplus"}  
36.     if [ ! -x "${SQLPLUS}" ]; then  
37.         failure $"Cannot locate SQL*Plus executable: ${SQLPLUS}"  
38.         echo  
39.         exit 1  
40.     fi  
41.     # Test for lsnrctl executable  
42.     LSNRCTL=${LSNRCTL:-"${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/lsnrctl"}  
43.     if [ ! -x "${LSNRCTL}" ]; then  
44.         failure $"Cannot locate lsnrctl executable: ${LSNRCTL}"  
45.         echo  
46.         exit 1  
47.     fi  
48.     return 0  
49. }  
50.   
51. startup ()  
52. {  
53.     # Modify network to reflect current hostname  
54.     #sed -i -e "s/HOST = [^)]*/HOST = $(hostname -f)/g" ${ORACLE_HOME}/network/admin/tnsnames.ora  
55.     #sed -i -e "s/HOST = [^)]*/HOST = $(hostname -f)/g" ${ORACLE_HOME}/network/admin/listener.ora  
56.     # Start Oracle database and listener  
57.     echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB: "  
58.     su -c "${SQLPLUS} /nolog" ${ORACLE_USER} > /dev/null 2>&1 <<EOF  
59. connect / as sysdba  
60. startup  
61. exit  
62. EOF  
63.     success  
64.     echo  
65.     echo -n $"Starting Oracle Listener: "  
66.     su -c "${LSNRCTL} start" ${ORACLE_USER} > /dev/null 2>&1  
67.     success  
68.     echo  
69. }  
70.   
71. shutdown ()  
72. {  
73.     # Shutdown Oracle listener and database  
74.     echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Listener: "  
75.     su -c "${LSNRCTL} stop" ${ORACLE_USER} > /dev/null 2>&1  
76.     success  
77.     echo  
78.     echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB: "  
79.     su -c "${SQLPLUS} /nolog" ${ORACLE_USER} > /dev/null 2>&1 <<EOF  
80. connect / as sysdba  
81. shutdown immediate  
82. exit  
83. EOF  
84.     success  
85.     echo  
86. }  
87.   
88. case "$1" in  
89.     start)  
90.         # Oracle listener and instance startup  
91.         prep  
92.         startup  
93.         ;;  
94.     stop)  
95.         # Oracle listener and instance shutdown  
96.         prep  
97.         shutdown  
98.         ;;  
99.     reload|restart)  
100.         prep  
101.         shutdown  
102.         startup  
103.         ;;  
104.     *)  
105.         echo "Usage: $(basename $0) start|stop|restart|reload"  
106.         exit 1  
107. esac  
108.   
109. exit 0  

NOTE1:

The lines:

  # chkconfig: 35 99 10   
  # description: Starts and stops Oracle database

are mandatory since they describe the characteristics of the service where:

• 35 means that the service will be started in init levels 3 and 5 and will be  stopped in other levels.
• 99 means that the service will be started at the near end of the init level processing
• 10 means that the service will be stopped at the near beginning of the init level processing

NOTE 2: 
The Management Server is not shut down during service stop since it requires interaction and there is no harm in system killing the processes since the database is shut down already.

3. Set script permissions:

[sql] view plaincopy
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/dbora  

4. Register the Service

[sql] view plaincopy
/sbin/chkconfig --add dbora  

This action registers the service to the Linux service mechanism. On SuSE SLES7 and Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 it will arrange symbolic links under rc<runlevel>.d directories to /etc/init.d/dbora script.

The above configuration applies also to RHEL 3,4,5 and OEL 4.5.

Finished!

NOTE 3:
The chkconfig utility calls 'insserv' to register and add services. The 'insserv' version shipped with SUSE SLES8, SLES9 and SLES10 is using the following header to define run level and start/shutdown order.

    ### BEGIN INIT INFO
    # Provides:       dbora      
    # Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $netdaemons
    # Required-Stop:
    # Default-Start:  3 5
    # Default-Stop:   0 1 2 3 4 5 6
    # Description:    Oracle Startup
    ### END INIT INFO

On SuSE SLES7 the following symbolic links are created:

• /etc/init.d/rc0.d/K10dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc1.d/K10dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc2.d/K10dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S99dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc4.d/K10dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc5.d/S99dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc6.d/K10dbora

On Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 the following symbolic links are created:

• /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K10dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K10dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K10dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/K10dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99dbora
• /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K10dbora

The symbolic links are not created in SLES8 and after  with the 'chkconfig -add' command. To have the symbolic links created run the following in addition:

   /sbin/chkconfig --set dbora 35

After this action, the following symbolic links will be created pointing to /etc/init.d/dbora script:

• /etc/init.d/rc3.d/S01dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc3.d/K22dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc5.d/S01dbora
• /etc/init.d/rc5.d/K22dbora

In all cases, the 'dbora' service will be running in runlevels 3,5 and it will be stopped in other runlevels (i.e. 0,1,2,4,6).

NOTE 4:
The script in this document assumes that:

• ORACLE_HOME and other required environment settings are done in the login script of ORA_OWNER
• There is no auto-running script like multiple ORACLE_HOME selection in the login profile of ORA_OWNER

NOTE 5:
If SELinux is enabled use "sudo su" instead of "su" in the dbora script. See Note 357906.1

References

NOTE:1016388.102 - LINUX: DBSHUT FAILS WHEN ISSUING REBOOT, INIT6, OR SHUTDOWN.
NOTE:1074016.6 - 'dbora' does Not Work on RedHat Linux
NOTE:126146.1 - Customizing System Startup in RedHat Linux
NOTE:207508.1 - Dbstart does not work if using an spfile only
NOTE:357906.1 - Automated Database Startup Fails When SELinux Is Enabled
Linux man page: chkconfig (8)
Linux man page: chmod (1)
Linux man page: init.d (7)
Linux man page: ln (1)

Related Products Oracle Database Products > Oracle Database > Oracle Database > Oracle Server - Enterprise Edition Oracle Linux and Virtualization > Oracle Linux > Operating System > Linux OS Keywords START LISTENER; RUNLEVEL; INIT