在初期接触英语时,你是否被“时态”和“动词变形”所困扰?
比如: I’m reading WeChat(现在进行时:我正在看微信) I will read WeChat(一般将来时:我会去看微信)
因为中文没有这种现象,所以大部分人都会对此感到陌生和困扰。尤其是“一般过去时”——以前发生过的事情,其单词变形更是初学者杀手,因为它们变形的规则还都不一样。 I told (tell) you.(我告诉过你了) I gave (give) him a pen.(我给了他一支笔) I walked (walk) home.(我走回了家) I ran (run) away.(我跑开了)
描述以前发生过的事情,这种时态叫“一般过去时”。而句子中的动词在变形后被称为“过去式”。以上这4句话中的单词变形或许会让你看得一头雾水,因为每个的规则都不一样。其实,大部分的单词在变成过去式时是有规律可循的。
规则动词变化规律: 1. 最普遍的变形规律:单词末尾加ed talk - talked(谈) look - looked(看) walk – walked(走) play – played(玩)
2. 动词以e结尾,直接加d dance - danced(跳舞) move - moved(移动) wave - waved(波动) provide - provided(提供)
3. 动词以辅音字母+y结尾,去y加ied study - studied(学习) supply - supplied(供给) modify - modified(修饰) worry - worried(担忧)
(26个字母中,a e i o u被称为元音字母,其余被称为辅音字母)
4. 这条比较难,不强求:以重读闭音节结尾,最后一个是辅音字母,倒数第二个是元音字母,则双写最后一个字母加ed (对初学者太难,可以先略过。) drop – dropped(掉落) plan - planned(计划) ban - banned(禁止) skip - skipped(跳过) (重读闭音节:(1)一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母(2)以一个辅音音素结尾(3)元音字母发短元音)
以上这4个法则适用于大部分的规则变化单词,除了能帮助你识别单词的时态,还能让你更加灵活地运用变形,说出正确的句子表达意思。
不过英语里还有相当一部分很常见的单词有着“不规则”变形:
常见不规则变形单词(部分): am – was is - was are - were do - did get - got become - became break - broke bring - brought buy - bought come - came eat - ate find - found forget - forgot give - gave go - went have - had make - made meet - met pay - paid say - said see - saw send - sent speak - spoke take - took teach - taught tell - told
还有些更特殊的单词,时态变化时它们却保持不变(注意read的过去式发音会变)。
常见不变形单词一览(部分): cost - cost cut - cut hit - hit hurt - hurt let - let put - put read - read set - set
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