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4条法则,让你了解并学会英语“过去式”

 慈溪全媒体 2015-06-10


在初期接触英语时,你是否被“时态”和“动词变形”所困扰?

比如:
I’m reading WeChat(现在进行时:我正在看微信)
I will read WeChat(一般将来时:我会去看微信)


因为中文没有这种现象,所以大部分人都会对此感到陌生和困扰。尤其是“一般过去时”——以前发生过的事情,其单词变形更是初学者杀手,因为它们变形的规则还都不一样。
I told (tell) you.(我告诉过你了)
I gave (give) him a pen.(我给了他一支笔)
I walked (walk) home.(我走回了家)
I ran (run) away.(我跑开了)


描述以前发生过的事情,这种时态叫“一般过去时”。而句子中的动词在变形后被称为“过去式”。以上这4句话中的单词变形或许会让你看得一头雾水,因为每个的规则都不一样。其实,大部分的单词在变成过去式时是有规律可循的。


规则动词变化规律:
1. 最普遍的变形规律:单词末尾加ed
talk - talked(谈)
look - looked(看)
walk – walked(走)
play – played(玩)


2. 动词以e结尾,直接加d
dance - danced(跳舞)
move - moved(移动)
wave - waved(波动)
provide - provided(提供)


3. 动词以辅音字母+y结尾,去y加ied
study - studied(学习)
supply - supplied(供给)
modify - modified(修饰)
worry - worried(担忧)

(26个字母中,a e i o u被称为元音字母,其余被称为辅音字母)


4. 这条比较难,不强求:以重读闭音节结尾,最后一个是辅音字母,倒数第二个是元音字母,则双写最后一个字母加ed (对初学者太难,可以先略过。)
drop – dropped(掉落)
plan - planned(计划)
ban - banned(禁止)
skip - skipped(跳过)
(重读闭音节:(1)一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母(2)以一个辅音音素结尾(3)元音字母发短元音)

以上这4个法则适用于大部分的规则变化单词,除了能帮助你识别单词的时态,还能让你更加灵活地运用变形,说出正确的句子表达意思。


不过英语里还有相当一部分很常见的单词有着“不规则”变形:

常见不规则变形单词(部分):
am – was
is - was
are - were
do - did
get - got
become - became
break - broke
bring - brought
buy - bought
come - came
eat - ate
find - found
forget - forgot
give - gave
go - went
have - had
make - made
meet - met
pay - paid
say - said
see - saw
send - sent
speak - spoke
take - took
teach - taught
tell - told


还有些更特殊的单词,时态变化时它们却保持不变(注意read的过去式发音会变)。

常见不变形单词一览(部分):
cost - cost
cut - cut
hit - hit
hurt - hurt
let - let
put - put
read - read
set - set

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