Python调用API接口的几种方式

相信做过自动化运维的同学都用过API接口来完成某些动作。API是一套成熟系统所必需的接口，可以被其他系统或脚本来调用，这也是自动化运维的必修课。

本文主要介绍python中调用API的几种方式，下面是python中会用到的库。

- urllib2

- httplib2

- pycurl

- requests 

1. urllib2

2. import urllib2, urllib
   github_url = 'https://api.github.com/user/repos'
   password_manager = urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm()
   password_manager.add_password(None, github_url, 'user', '***')
   auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_manager) # create an authentication handler
   opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth) # create an opener with the authentication handler
   urllib2.install_opener(opener) # install the opener... 
   request = urllib2.Request(github_url, urllib.urlencode({'name':'Test repo', 'description': 'Some test repository'})) # Manual encoding required
   handler = urllib2.urlopen(request)
   print handler.read()

2. httplib2

import urllib, httplib2
github_url = '
h = httplib2.Http(".cache")
h.add_credentials("user", "******", "
data = urllib.urlencode({"name":"test"})
resp, content = h.request(github_url, "POST", data)
print content

3. pycurl

import pycurl, json
github_url = "
user_pwd = "user:*****"
data = json.dumps({"name": "test_repo", "description": "Some test repo"})
c = pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(pycurl.URL, github_url)
c.setopt(pycurl.USERPWD, user_pwd)
c.setopt(pycurl.POST, 1)
c.setopt(pycurl.POSTFIELDS, data)
c.perform()

4. requests

import requests, json
github_url = "
data = json.dumps({'name':'test', 'description':'some test repo'}) 
r = requests.post(github_url, data, auth=('user', '*****'))
print r.json

以上几种方式都可以调用API来执行动作，但requests这种方式代码最简洁，最清晰，建议采用。

本文出自 “Linux和网络” 博客，转载请与作者联系！