2014年职称英语综合A真题及答案(完整版)
职称英语考试网2014年4月15日
第一部分 词汇选项
1. There
was an inclination to treat geography as a less
important subject.
A. point
B. tendency C. result D. finding
2. New
secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
A.
amazing B. depressing C. predictable D. dull
3. The
committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A.
furnish B. copy C. publish D. summarize
4. The
group does not advocate the use of violence.
A.
limit B. regulate C. oppose D. support
5. The
original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.
A.
reproduced B. invented C. designed D. reported
6. The
department deferred the decision for six months.
A. put
off B. arrived at C. abided by D. protested against
7. The
symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.
A.
eased B. appeared C. improved D. relieved
8. The
uniform makes the guards look absurd.
A.
serious B. ridiculous C. beautiful D. impressive
9. Some
of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
A.
silent B. motionless C. seated D. true
10. The
country was torn apart by strife.
A.
poverty B. war C. conflict D. economy
11. She
felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A. act
B. homework C. justice D. model
12. A
person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.
A.
equal B. certain C. large D. opposite
13. His
professional career spanned 16 days.
A.
started B. changed C. moved D. lasted
14. His
stomach felt hollow with fear.
A.
sincere B. respectful C. terrible D. empty
15. This
was disaster on a cosmic scale.
A.
modest B. huge C. commercial D. national
答案:BDADA
ABBBC ADDDB
第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。
"Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line
of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I
was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to
separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in
pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and
"us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I
came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.
Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told
photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified
marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to
know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting
from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone.
In any American town, after a car crash or some other
horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see
photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and
injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television
photographers on the scene –and fast…
How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to
separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what
they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave
your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead.
Your job is to record the image (图象). You're a
photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and
document the scene.
But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in
photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a
disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to
be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject.
Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur
photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after
special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.
I worked on all those stories and many like them. When
they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to
the pictures.
Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites(伪君子)who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that
most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a
distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited
"them". In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we
get them, we prove our readers right.
16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a
dead person.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares
is justifiable.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure
workers at an accident.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether
they are doing the right thing.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for
exclusive pictures.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News
pictures.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案:BBACBAA
第3部分:概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
The Storyteller
1.
Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as
many people as will listen. And that’s what he has always been about. The son
of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in
New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile
imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his
filmmaking.
2. Even
decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years,
which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the
result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce, “It is
really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He
was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When
trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And that’s just the
kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”
3.
Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’s movie camera and
began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles.
Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy
Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention.
“Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr.,
leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could
all hear it.”
4.
Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there,
but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film
schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach
because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and
he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship(实习)in
Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He
never looked back.
5. Now,
many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as
the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The
process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films
that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for
reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think
my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of
money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”
23.
Paragraph 1___F___
24.
Paragraph 2____A_____
25.
Paragraph 3____E_____
26. Paragraph
4____D_____
A.
Inspirations for his movies
B. The
trouble of making movies
C. A
funny man
D.
Getting into the movie business
E.
Telling stories to make friends
F. An
aim of life
27. Some
of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from ____E___
28. When
Spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of ____A_____
29.
Spielberg is very good at _____B____
30.
Spielberg says he makes movies for ____C____
A.
almost everything
B.
telling scary stories
C. a
number of reasons
D.
making children laugh
E. his
childhood memories
F. a lot
of money
答案:FAED
EABC
第4部分:阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The National Trust
The
National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the
preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the
British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral
support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a
voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and
historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence
on voluntary support from members of the public'. Its primary duty is to
protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.
The
attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great
old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his
great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park
and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the
Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the
Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible
to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about
one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses,
usually at a very small charge.
In
addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of
ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and
nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as
some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop
'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are
maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred
thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the
Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public
has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty
and wildlife.
So it is
that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important
organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving
all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for
future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each
year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
(出处:2014年职称英语教材综合类阅读判断 第十四篇)
31. The
national trust is a ____
A.
government agency depending on voluntary service.
B.
non-profit organization depending on voluntary service
C.
government department but is not rich.
D.
private organization supported by the government
32. The
National Trust is dedicated to
A.
preserving the best public enjoyment
B.
providing the public with free access to historic buildings
C.
offering better services to visitors home and abroad
D.
protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings." n/
33. We
can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____
A.
donated all his money to the Trust
B.
started the Country House Scheme
C. saved
many old country houses in Britain
D. was
influential in his time
34. All
the following can be inferred from the passage except _____
A. the
trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses
B. many
people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust
C.
visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the Trust
D. the
Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.
35. The
word “invade” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. come
in without permission
B. enter
with invitation
C. visit
in large number
D.
appear 3'l of a sudden
答案:BDDAC
第2篇 How we form first impression
We all
have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an
opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her – aside
perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.
The
answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your
brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference
in a how a person’s eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each
other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your brain continuously
processes incoming sensory information – the sights and sounds of your world.
Theses incoming “signals”are compared against a host of “memories” stored in
the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层)system to determine what these
new signals “mean”.
If you
see someone you know and like at school, your brain says “familiar and safe”.
“If you see someone new, it says, “new—potentially threatening”. Then your
brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known” memories.
The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all
matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say,
“This is new. I don’t like this person.” Or else, “I am intrigued.” Or your
brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures –like
your other friends; so your brain says: “I like this person.” But theses
preliminary “impressions” can be dead wrong.
When we
stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the
immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical
impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people
– their history, interest, values, strengths, and true character – we
categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks.
However,
if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of
what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or
her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware of the person’s character, we use a
different, more mature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our
cortex, which allow us to be humane.
36. Our
first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her _____
A. past
experience
B.
character
C.
facial features
D.
hobbies
37. If
you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likely to
say____
A. “He
is familiar and safe”
B. “He is
new and potentially threatening”
C. “I
like this person”
D. “This
is new I don't like this person”
38. The
word “preliminary” means ____
A.
simplistic
B.
stereotypical
C.
initial
D.
categorical
39. Our
thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because _____
A. we
neglect their depth and breadth
B. they
are not all locks, peeks, or freaks
C. our
thinking is similar to that of a very young child
D. our
judgment is always wrong
40.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. One’s
physical appearance can influence our first impression
B. our
first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain
C.
Stereotypical impressions can be dead wrong
D. We
should adopt mature thinking when getting to know people
答案:CCCAB
第3篇 A New Strategy to Overcome Breast
Cancer
Post-menopausal
(绝经后) women
who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,
a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years,
found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.
The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was
specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that
lifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent
poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour
a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.
This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention,
followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the
American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence
of cancer in the group.
They
were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they
were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and
aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or
reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between
1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational
activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower
risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per
week.
Dr. Alpa
Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,
Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some
daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an
effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal
women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity,
just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer
in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered
the risk even more.”
Baroness
Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study
adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing
the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal
day-to-day activity can make a difference.”
She
added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability
to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these
findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will
help us prevent breast cancer.”
41. All
of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage
EXCEPT________
A.
breathing exercise
B. regular
walking
C.
recreational activity
D.
lifestyle choices
42. It
can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.
A. women
have fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily
walking could cut the chance of breast cancer
C.
leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk
D.
walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer
43. Dr.
Alpa Patel was_____.
A. head
of the survey study
B. chief
editor of Cancer Epidemiology
C. chair
of the American Cancer Society
D. chief
executive of Breast Cancer Campaign
44.Which
of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Most
women take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. The
study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.
C.
Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women
D.
Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women
45. The
word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?
A.
continuable
B.
affordable
C.
available
D.
persistent
答案:ABACA
第5部分:补全短文(第46~50题,每题2分,共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以恢复文章面貌。
Wrongly convinced man and his accuser tell
their stories
NEW
YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the
paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist
John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎),and,
ultimately forgiveness.”
The
story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young
while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal(折磨),
Thompson swore(发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist(强奸犯), a man
who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted(攻击) her
brutally. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his
face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身),or other identifying marks. (46
F) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a
book of mug shots(嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she
identified the same man in a lineup(行列).
Based on
her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald
Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the
decision(提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing(上诉听证会),
evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a
man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. Another
trial was held. (47 D) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and
once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.
Eleven
years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明?.清白)Cotton and just as
unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. Thompson was
shocked and devastated(使震惊) (48 E) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the
man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my
spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had
identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”
Jennifer
Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally. (49 A)
Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial
barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our
memoir(回忆录) of injustice and redemption(拯救).”
Nevertheless,
Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake
cost him so dearly. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my
mistaken identification occurred in a capital (可判死刑的)case. (50 C)”
A.
Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.
B. Many
criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by
eyewitnesses.
C. I
cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification
occurred in a capital case
D.
Another trial was held.
E.
Thompson was shocked and devastated.
F.
During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face,
looking for scars, tattoos (纹身), or other identifying marks.
答案:FDEAC
第6部分:完形填空(第52~65题,每题1分,共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白,请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Obesity Causes Global Warming
The list
of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were
accused of causing global warming.
This
(51) comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a
doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study (52) how much extra gasoline
is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion
gallons of gas per year. It (53) an extra 11 million tons of carbon
dioxide.
There
has been (54) for taxes on junk food in recent years. US economist
Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food (55) to people's cars."
We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said.
"Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end (56) costing
taxpayers more."
US
political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these
gas and fast food arguments. But such (57) are getting attention.
At the
US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person (58) obesity with car
accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked
whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing
was that everyone took it (59) ." Oliver said.
In a
1960s study, children were (60) drawings of children with disabilities
and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked (61) they
would want for a friend? The obese child was picked last.
Three
researchers recently repeated the study (62) college students. Once again, (63)
no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was
stigmatized." the researchers said.
But,
researchers say, getting (64) is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to
stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not
because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited
personal control over their weight. Genes also (65) a part.
(出处:2014年职称英语教材综合类补全短文 第十二篇)
51.A
study B project C experiment D conclusion
52.A
doubts B reports C calculates D reviews
53.A
turns B means C says D costs
54.A
calls B cries C sounds D noises
55.A
delivered B paid C spent D collected
56.A up
B in C with D by
57.A
answers B talks C claims D laughs
58.A
mixed B correlated C contacted D involved
59.A
seriously B well C hard D greatly
60.A
bought B captured C shown D made
61.A
what B where C why D which
62.A
seeing B helping C using D surveying
63.A
about B as C almost D like
64.A
critical B tall C thin D confident
65.A
decide B play C produce D use
答案:DCBAA
ACBAC DCCCB