#medtalk#

天气好奇怪，才送走了台风，热浪又袭来了

不知道大家放假了没有

小编还有三门考试

Edward: Why wouldI? I already told you no. I am letting you cut into my back, But that’s notenough for you. All you guys ever want to do is cut.

Edward’s daughter: Dad, just listen to what he has to say.

Edward: I alreadylistened.

Shepherd: Sir,there is a small window ofopportunity here. Once the Parkinson’s diseases progresses to a point of dementia. You’re no longera candidate for DBS.

【a small window of opportunity】

原句摘抄：

Sir, there is asmall window of opportunity here

用词分析：

a small window ofopportunity：很小的机会，英语的用词很形象，很容易理解，像窗子一样的机会，一间房子的窗户占得比例是很小的，这里用来表达机会很小。

此外，它也表示比较关键的机会，稍纵即逝的机会。

如：This ishis window of opportunity to impose a gas tax.

这是他开徵汽油税的天赐良机.

小编快析：

这里提到window这个词，小编记得当时上微生物课的时候，病毒一个名词叫做窗口期，令我印象深刻。而不久之前一位可怜的小女孩因为输血患上了艾滋病，究其原因竟然是当时献血的人是艾滋病患者，处于窗口期。窗口期 the window period,指的是人体感染HIV后到外周血液中能够检测出HIV抗体的这段时间。因为人体感染HIV后，一般需要2周的时间才能产生抗体，在此期间抗体检测呈阴性。窗口期一般为2周～3个月，少数人可到4个月或5个月，很少超过6个月。目前国际公认的窗口期是6个月，但随着检验方式的进步，窗口期已经大大缩短。

【dementia】

原句摘抄：

Once theParkinson’s diseases progresses to a point of dementia. You’re no longer acandidate for DBS.

用词分析：

Dementia痴呆： also known as senility（衰老状态）, is a broad category of brain diseases thatcause a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember such that a person's dailyfunctioning is affected. Other common symptoms include emotional problems,problems with language,and a decrease in motivation. Aperson's consciousness isnot affected. For the diagnosis to be present it must be a change from aperson's usual mental functioning and a greater decline than one would expectdue to aging. These diseases also have a significant effect on a person'scaregivers.

Comparison of a normal aged brain (left)and the brain of a person with Alzheimer's(right).

小编快析：

Dementia 的主要类型有Alzheimer's disease （AD）占 50% to 70% vascular dementia(指由缺血性卒中、出血性卒中和造成记忆、认知和行为等脑区低灌注的脑血管疾病所致的严重认知功能障碍综合征。) 占25%, Lewy body （以帕金森病为代表的路易体病患者脑内的特征性标志物）dementia 占15%, and frontotemporal dementia额颞痴呆（中老年患者缓慢出现人格改变，言语障碍及行为异常，神经影像学显示额颞叶萎缩，而病理检查未发现Pick小体及Pick细胞的痴呆综合征。）. 较为少见的有 normal pressure hydrocephalus（正常压力脑积水）, Parkinson's disease, syphilis（梅毒）, and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease 。

The pathology ofvascular dementia

【DBS】

原句摘抄：

Once theParkinson’s diseases progresses to a point of dementia. You’re no longer acandidate for DBS.

用词分析：

DBS: Deep brain stimulation isa neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of amedical device called abrain pacemaker(脑起搏器), which sends electrical impulses, throughimplanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain (brain nucleus) for the treatment ofmovement and affective disorders. DBS in select brain regions has providedtherapeutic benefits for otherwise-treatment-resistant movement and affectivedisorders such as Parkinson'sdisease, essentialtremor（特发性震颤）, dystonia（肌张力障碍）, chronic pain, major depression and obsessive–compulsivedisorder (OCD). Despite the long history of DBS,] itsunderlying principles and mechanisms are still not clear. DBS directlychanges brain activity in a controlled manner, its effects are reversible(unlike those of lesioning techniques), and it is one of only a fewneurosurgical methods that allow blinded studies（双盲/单盲实验）.

Reconstruction of DBS electrodes. Shownare the subthalamic nucleus 丘脑底核(orange), rednucleus (green), the substantia nigra 黑质(yellow), theinternal (cyan) and external pallidum苍白球 (blue) and thestriatum 纹状体(red). Structural fibertracts traversing through thisvolume are visualized with color-coded fibers and cortical regions that theyterminate in are visualized with translucent colors.