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第一节 现象段 1.今昔对照 ⑴While …… was only known to a small number of people, …… has been widely accepted. ⑵While …… used to be a luxury, …… has become a household name. ⑶Contrary to the traditional idea that …… is always …… , now an increasing number of believe that ……. 2.数字引用 ⑴According to a recent opinion poll, …… quite a number of ……. ⑵Statistics show that …… double every 6 months. ⑶According to a recent survey, 3 …… out of 10 ……. ⑷As a recent investigation indicates, the percentage of ……is surprisingly high. 3.反面论述 ⑴It’s hard to imagine what the world would be like if ……. ⑵Without …… ⑶It’s hard to find …… who ……. 4.现象引述 ⑴It’s indeed the case that …… have witnessed ……. ⑵…… is gaining increasing popularity with ……. ⑶Recent years have seen a boom in the number of ……. ⑷People take it for granted that ……. ⑸Many a person admires(the policy)that ……. 5.论点引述 ⑴…… is one of the controversial issues of our times among ……. ⑵There is always some controversy over whether ……. ⑶A much debated issue these days is whether …… or not. ⑷There has sprung up a heated discussion as to whether ……. ⑸Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern that ……. ⑹A hot topic discussed today is whether or not ……. 第二节重要性段 ⑴…… plays a key/vital role in ……. ⑵…… is of vital importance to ……. ⑶There’s no denying the fact that …… is indispensable to ……in various ways. ⑷…… ，as in the case of many issues, has both positive and negative aspects. ⑸The importance of …… cannot be overstated. ⑹…… has a profound influence on ……. ⑺…… has found wide application in various fields. ⑻Now great importance has been attached to ……. ⑼The merit of …… lies in many ways. 1.金字塔型: ⑴First/In the first place/Fist of all/To begin with ⑵Besides/Moreover/Furthermore/In addition/What’s more ⑶Most important of all 2.倒金字塔型: ⑴Above all ⑵Moreover/Furthermore ⑶Last but not least 3.平行法∶ ⑴For one thing …… .For another ……. ⑵On the one hand ……, one the other hand ……. 第三节危害问题段 ⑴…… poses a tremendous threat to ……. ⑵…… the disadvantages …… cannot be ignored. ⑶…… may create a sequence of problems to ……. ⑷…… may cause some side-effects. ⑸Every coin has 2 sides, so does the matter of …….Its negative sides/aspects cannot be overlooked. ⑹The negative aspects of …… are also obvious. ⑺One major disadvantage of …… is that …….Another disadvantage is ……. A further disadvantage is ……. 第四节他人观点段 ⑴When it comes to ……/Faced with ……, quite a few people claim/argue that ……，but other people view it differently. ⑵As far as …… is concerned, opinions vary widely. ⑶People’s attitudes toward …… vary from individual to individual.Some maintain that …… They assume that …….However, others think of …… as …….They criticize……. ⑷Some people believe …….Others claim …….Still others argue ……. ⑸Quite a few people, who strongly advocate …… argue …….On the other hand, an increasing number of people, who believe …… maintain ……. ⑹Those who object to it claim …….But those who support it argue ……. ⑺Quite a few people claim …….More and more people, however, come to realize that ……. 第五节解释原因段 ⑴The phenomenon is due to a couple of factors. One major factor is …….A further fact is……. ⑵Two main factors contribute to the …….On one hand …….On the other hand ……. ⑶A number of factors, both individual and social, can account for/explain result in the phenomenon. For one thing, …….For another …….A third contributing factor is ……. ⑷There are many reasons for …… but generally they can come down to 3.One reason for this is …….Another reason is ……. One strong reason for my argument is ……. ⑸One major reason is …….The fact that …… can be another reason.A further reason is that ……. ⑹…… is frequently connected to …….…… may also have led to……. It’s generally true to say that ……. ⑺Reasons for …… are numerous.The chief reason is that …….A second good reason is that …….Still another reason is that……. ⑻One may attribute/ascribe/owe to ……. ⑼One may trace the phenomenon back to ……. 第六节比较段 ⑴Like …… ⑵Similarly/Likewise/In the same way …… ⑶Just as …… ⑷Compared with …… ⑸…… differs from …… in several ways. ⑹The advantages of …… outweigh those of ……. ⑺It’s hard to say whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or vice versa. ⑻Another important difference is …… while ……. ⑼…… outshine …… 第七节举例段 ⑴History/Life is filled with examples. A good case in point is …….Another good illustration is ……. ⑵Take …… as an example. ⑶To take a random example, ……. ⑷Just suppose what would be like/happen if ……. ⑸A case in point is …….Another case in point is ……. ⑹A good case in point is …….It's the same case with ……. This is also true of ……. 第八节概念过程段 ⑴There is an old saying/proverb, …… , which suggest/indicates that ……. ⑵There are a couple of /various approaches/accesses to +ing. ⑶…… are faced/confronted with ……. ⑷There’s a correlation between ……. ⑸As a famous saying/philosopher once put it, “ …… ”，it’s clear that ……. 第九节驳斥段 ⑴At first sight, …… appears to be entirely positive/beneficial.However, further analysis reveals drawbacks to the way of thinking. ⑵It’s true that …… , but it doesn’t mean/follow/say that……. On the contrary, we should ……. ⑶It’s understandable that …….However, this is not to say……. ⑷The main problem with the view is ……. ⑸Admittedly …… but this is not to say ……. ⑹There is no denying/doubt/question that …… but it doesn’t follow ……. 第十节措施段 ⑴Measures/Actions should be taken to cope with the problem. To begin with …….Next …….Last but not least ……. ⑵One suggestion to this problem is to …….Another suggestion …….A further suggestion is that ……. ⑶One major solution to …… is to …….The fact that …… can be another solution.Still another solution is that ……. ⑷Now it’s high time something was done to cope with ……. On the one/other hand …….Only in this way shall we ……. ⑸Several possible solutions have been put forward.One is …… .Another is …….Undoubtedly there’s a long way before ……. 第十一节个人观点段 1.观点: ⑴I quite agree with the statement that ……. ⑵Personally, I’m in favor of the former/the latter ……. ⑶To may mind, I’m on the side of ……. ⑷For my part, I side with …… as the result of the following considerations. ⑸As I see it, ……. ⑹In my opinion/view， ⑺It seems to me that ……. ⑻As far as I am concerned，…… 2.预测: ⑴It can be safety predicted that ……. ⑵It’s clear that/It goes without saying that ……. ⑶It is anticipated that this upward/downward trend will continue/persist. 第十二节图表 ⑴The table/chart/graph/diagram shows/describes/illustrates/indicates/reflects/reveals/ demonstrates that the number/percentage of …… increased/rose/grew/decreased/ fell/dropped/ declined considerably between …… and……. ⑵The period 1988-1998 saw a slow/gradual/steady/significant/rapid/dramatic/sharp increase in the number of/in the percentage of ……. ⑶The greatest increase was in ……ownership, rising from ……to …….Next/Then came ……ownership, growing from …… to ……. ⑷rose to/by ⑸reach a peak/hit the bottom ⑹The fluctuation/The rise and fall/the ups and downs of …… reveals ……. ⑺Similarly, this figure also fluctuated over the same period 英语作文常用连接词 一、表示罗列增加(递进) first, second, third, firstly, secondly, thirdly, first, then / next, after that / next, finally / last / last but not least, and equally important, on (the) one hand…, on the other hand…, besides / what’s more / in addition (to sth.) / furthermore / moreover / another / also / too, plus, as well, especially / particularly / in particular 二、表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, at the beginning (of sth.), to begin with, to start with later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly = all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment…, form now on, from then on, gradually at the same time = meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as, during 三、表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact / as a matter of fact / actually, frankly speaking, in other words, in simpler terms, that is to say, to put it differently 四、表示转折关系 but, however, while, though, yet, still, nevertheless, or, otherwise, on the contrary / on the other hand, in spite of… / despite the fact that…, even though, except (for), instead, in stead of, of course, after all, even so 五、表示并列关系 or, and, also, too, not only … but also…, as well as, both… and…, either …or…, neither…nor… 六、表示因果关系 原因:because, because of = thanks to… = due to… = owing to…, since = now that, as, for, 结果:so, therefore, thus, hence, as a result (of), on this / that account, so…that, such…that, in this way 七、表示条件关系 as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 八、表示让步关系 though， although， as， even if， even though， whether …or…， however， whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where) 九、表示举例 for example, for instance, such as…, like…, take… for example 十、表示比较 be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…, just like 十一、表示目的 for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order that, in order to, so as to, 十二、表示强调 indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all 十三、表示概括归纳 in a word, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, generally speaking, in general, in my opinion, as far as I am concerned, as what has been mentioned, to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion
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