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今天，总结一下selenium怎么操作web页面常见的元素。 主要有：
测试页面如下：
View Codeselenium 最核心的技巧是WebElement的识别和定位 selenium总共有八种定位方法
目前，使用比较多的是cssSelector和xpath，因为一个页面中Id name className tagName LinkText等比较容易重复 不容易 确定唯一 接下来会有具体的例子来演示如何定位
上传文件 一般，上传页面如果是input，像这样的，可以使用sendkeys
首先，这里使用xpath定位到该元素，然后使用sendKeys即可，sendKeys send你要上传的文件的绝对路径 1 //td/input[@type='file']
也可以使用cssSelector，关于xpath和cssSelector更多知识，以后会做一些专题 1 td>input[type='file']
如何验证你写的xptah/cssSelector是正确的呢？ 有以下几种方法：
alert对话框 细分三种，Alert，prompt，confirm Selenium有以下方法：
Alert alert =driver.switchTo().alert();
1. driver.switchTo().alert(); 获取alert 2. alert.accept(); 点确定 3. alert.dismiss(); 点取消 4. alert.getText();获取alert的内容
select菜单 select也是比较常见的，selenium封装了以下方法 创建select
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);
选择select的option有以下三种方法
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector"));
Select select = new Select(selector);
select.selectByIndex(3);
select.selectByVisibleText("桃子");
select.selectByValue("apple");
输入框 输入框就比较简单了，不再多说 sendKeys()输入内容 clear() 清空
单选框（RadioBox） 单选框可以有获取状态，是否被选中 radioBox.isSelected(); 是否enable radioBox.isEnabled() 使用click方法选中
复选框（checkBox） 复选框和单选框基本差不多，此处略
超链接 超链接比较常见，一般都是标签a <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/" >Copyright 2015 to be crazy </a> 一般使用click方法 这里我们了解一下浏览器打开超链接时，如果是chrome，点超链接的同时按下Ctrl会打开新标签，按下shift会打开新窗口 这里单讲一下不同窗口切换. selenium有两个关于获取窗口的方法： 1. driver.getWindowHandle(); 返回的是字符串，获取当前窗口的句柄 2. driver.getWindowHandles(); 返回的是 Set<String> ，获取所有窗口 如果你想在窗口之间切换 driver.switchTo().window(window); 小技巧： 如何滚动到你定位的元素 这里使用java script // scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
接下来是所有测试代码：  package com.packt.webdriver.chapter1; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.Alert; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; import org.testng.Assert; import com.packt.webdriver.chapter3.DriverFactory; /** * this method is for deal with base web elements * * @author Young * */ public class dealWithElements { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String URL = "file://demo.html"; String chromdriver="E:\\chromedriver.exe"; System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromdriver); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); // options.addExtensions(new File("")); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches", Arrays.asList("--start-maximized")); options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(URL); // max size the browser driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@type='file']")); upload.sendKeys("C:/Users/Young/Desktop/demo.html"); Assert.assertTrue(upload.getAttribute("value").contains("demo")); // for alert WebElement clickOnAlert = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='alterbutton']")); clickOnAlert.click(); delay(2); // get alert Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert")); // click alert ok alert.accept(); delay(2); // for prompt WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='promptbutton']")); clickOnPrompt.click(); delay(2); Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert(); prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium"); prompt.accept(); delay(5); Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterAccept.getText().contains("I love Selenium")); // click alert ok afterAccept.accept(); delay(2); // for confirm WebElement clickOnConfirm = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='confirmbutton']")); clickOnConfirm.click(); delay(2); Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert(); confirm.dismiss(); delay(2); Alert afterDismiss = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterDismiss.getText().contains("You pressed Cancel")); delay(2); afterDismiss.accept(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector); select.selectByIndex(3); select.selectByVisibleText("桃子"); select.selectByValue("apple"); System.out.println(select.getAllSelectedOptions().toString()); delay(2); WebElement showSelectResult = driver.findElement(By .name("showSelectResult")); showSelectResult.click(); delay(2); Alert yourSelect = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(yourSelect.getText().contains("苹果")); delay(2); yourSelect.accept(); // input box WebElement editBox = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@id='edit']")); editBox.sendKeys("Selenium is good"); WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//input[@type='button' and @name='submit']")); submitButton.click(); delay(2); Alert submitAlert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertEquals(submitAlert.getText(), "Selenium is good"); submitAlert.accept(); delay(2); // for radio Box WebElement duRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Baidu")); WebElement aLiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Alibaba")); WebElement TXRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Tencent")); WebElement MiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Mi")); delay(2); Assert.assertTrue(TXRadioBox.isSelected()); Assert.assertTrue(!MiRadioBox.isEnabled()); delay(2); duRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(duRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); aLiRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(aLiRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); // for checkBox List<WebElement> webCheckBox = driver.findElements(By .xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")); for (WebElement e : webCheckBox) { e.click(); Assert.assertTrue(e.isSelected()); delay(2); } // for links String defaultWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); WebElement myLink = driver.findElement(By .linkText("Copyright 2015 to be crazy")); delay(3); // scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink); // open link in a new windows press shift when you click delay(2); Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(myLink).perform(); delay(3); Set<String> currentWindows = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(currentWindows.size()); for (String window : currentWindows) { if (!window.endsWith(defaultWindow)) { driver = driver.switchTo().window(window); driver.manage().timeouts() .pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); break; } } Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("tobecrazy")); delay(10); driver.quit(); } /** * @author Young * @param seconds */ public static void delay(int seconds) { try { Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/
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