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原文地址: http://article./view/195091/160220 Where Unconscious Memories Form 潜意识记忆在大脑何处形成？ ScienceDaily (Dec. 17, 2010) — A small area deep in the brain called the perirhinal cortex is critical for forming unconscious conceptual memories, researchers at the UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain have found. 每日科学（2010.12.17）-- 加州大学戴维斯心脑研究中心的研究人员发现，大脑深处的一个叫边缘皮层的小区域对潜意识概念性记忆的形成至关重要。 The perirhinal cortex was thought to be involved, like the neighboring hippocampus, in \'declarative\' or conscious memories, but the new results show that the picture is more complex, said lead author Wei-chun Wang, a graduate student at UC Davis. 第一作者加州大学戴维斯中心的研究生王维春说，以前大家认为边缘皮层像邻近的海马回组织一样，要参与产生“陈述性”记忆或意识记忆的过程。但是最新研究成果表明，实际情况更复杂。 The results were published Dec. 9 in the journal Neuron. 研究结果发表于12月9号的《神经元》杂志。 We\'re all familiar with memories that rise from the unconscious mind. Imagine looking at a beach scene, said Wang. A little later, someone mentions surfing, and the beach scene pops back into your head. 我们对由潜意识而产生的记忆都不陌生。王维春说，想象一下你眼前出现了海滩，过一会儿，某个人说起冲浪，海滩的情景就一下子蹦回你的脑海。 Declarative memories, in contrast, are those where we recall being on that beach and watching that surf competition: \'I remember being there.\' 相反地，我们记起在海滩上观看冲浪比赛时的情景，“我记得我去过那儿。”此时，产生的是陈述性记忆。 Damage to a structure called the hippocampus affects such declarative \'I remember\' memories, but not conceptual memories, Wang said. Neuroscientists had previously thought the same was true for the perirhinal cortex, which is located immediately next to the hippocampus. 王说，被称作海马回的结构的损伤会影响诸如“我记得”之类的陈述性记忆，但不影响潜意识概念性记忆。过去，神经学家认为紧邻着海马回的边缘皮层的损伤也会影响陈述性记忆。 Wang and colleagues carried out memory tests on people diagnosed with amnesia, who had known damage to the perirhinal cortex or other brain areas. They also carried out functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of healthy volunteers while they performed memory tests. 王和同事对大脑边缘皮层或其他大脑区域有损伤的健忘症患者进行了记忆力测试。对健康受试者，他们一边进行记忆力测试，一边进行功能性磁共振成像扫描。 In a typical test, they gave the subjects a long list of words, such as chair, table or spoon, and asked them to think about how pleasant they were. 在一个典型的测试中，他们给了受试者一长串的单词，如椅子、桌子或汤匙等，并要求他们想象他们是多么惬意。 Later, they asked the subjects to think up words in different categories, such as \'furniture.\' 随后，他们要求受试者想出其他不同类别的词，如家具。 Amnesiacs with damage to the perirhinal cortex performed poorly on the tests, while the same brain area lit up in fMRI scans of the healthy control subjects. 大脑边缘皮层有损伤的健忘症患者在测试中表现不佳，而功能性磁共振成像扫描显示健康受试者的大脑同一部位却表现活跃。 The study helps us understand how memories are assembled in the brain and how different types of brain damage might impair memory, Wang said. For example, Alzheimer\'s disease often attacks the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex before other brain areas. 王说，这项研究有助于我们理解记忆是如何在大脑中形成的，以及不同类型的脑损伤是如何削弱人的记忆力的。例如，相比于其他脑组织，海马状组织和边缘皮层常常成为阿尔茨海默氏病（早年性痴呆病）最先侵袭的对象。 Co-authors on the study are Andy Yonelinas, professor of psychology and at the Center for Mind and Brain; Charan Ranganath, professor at the Center for Neuroscience; former UC Davis graduate student Michele Lazzara, now project coordinator at the University of Illinois at Chicago; and Robert Knight, professor of psychology at UC Berkeley. 此项研究的合作者包括：心脑研究中心的心理学教授安迪·昂立纳斯，神经科学中心的教授查兰·兰加纳特，加州大学戴维斯中心往届研究生迈克尔·拉扎拉和加州伯克利分校心理学教授罗伯特·奈特。 The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health. 这项研究由美国国家健康协会资助。 Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff. 声明：本文无意提供医学建议、诊断或治疗手段。所陈述观点不代表本刊或其工作人员观点。 Story Source: 新闻来源： The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of California - Davis. 以上报道转载于加州大学戴维斯中心提供的资料（每日科学的编者做过修改）。 Journal Reference: 引文： Wei-Chun Wang, Michele M. Lazzara, Charan Ranganath, Robert T. Knight, Andrew P. Yonelinas. The Medial Temporal Lobe Supports Conceptual Implicit Memory. Neuron, 2010; 68 (5): 835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.009. Wei-Chun Wang, Michele M. Lazzara, Charan Ranganath, Robert T. Knight, Andrew P. Yonelinas. 内侧颞叶对概念隐形记忆的支持作用. 《神经元》.2010; 68 (5): 835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.11.009. |
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