SQL Server 数据库基础编程Go批处理语句 用于同时执行多个语句
使用、切换数据库 use master go
创建、删除数据库 方法1、 --判断是否存在该数据库,存在就删除 if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome')) drop database testHome go --创建数据库,设置数据库文件、日志文件保存目录 create database testHome on( name = 'testHome', filename = 'c:\data\students.mdf' ) log on( name = 'testHome_log', filename = 'c:\data\testHome_log.ldf' ) go
方法2(设置文件大小)、 if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome')) drop database testHome go create database testHome --默认就属于primary主文件组,可省略 on primary ( --数据文件的具体描述 name = 'testHome_data', --主数据文件的逻辑名 fileName = 'c:\testHome_data.mdf', --主数据文件的物理名 size = 3MB, --主数据文件的初始大小 maxSize = 50MB, --主数据文件增长的最大值 fileGrowth = 10% --主数据文件的增长率 ) --日志文件的具体描述,各参数含义同上 log on ( name = 'testHome_log', fileName = 'c:\testHome_log.ldf', size = 1MB, fileGrowth = 1MB ) go
方法3(设置次数据文件)、 if (exists (select * from sys.databases where name = 'testHome')) drop database testHome go create database testHome --默认就属于primary主文件组,可省略 on primary ( --数据文件的具体描述 name = 'testHome_data', --主数据文件的逻辑名 fileName = 'c:\testHome_data.mdf', --主数据文件的物理名 size = 3MB, --主数据文件的初始大小 maxSize = 50MB, --主数据文件增长的最大值 fileGrowth = 10% --主数据文件的增长率 ), --次数据文件的具体描述 ( --数据文件的具体描述 name = 'testHome2_data', --主数据文件的逻辑名 fileName = 'c:\testHome2_data.mdf', --主数据文件的物理名 size = 2MB, --主数据文件的初始大小 maxSize = 50MB, --主数据文件增长的最大值 fileGrowth = 10% --主数据文件的增长率 ) --日志文件的具体描述,各参数含义同上 log on ( name = 'testHome_log', fileName = 'c:\testHome_log.ldf', size = 1MB, fileGrowth = 1MB ), ( name = 'testHome2_log', fileName = 'c:\testHome2_log.ldf', size = 1MB, fileGrowth = 1MB ) go
基本数据类型 精确数字类型
近似数字类型
日期时间类型
字符串类型
Unicode字符串类型
二进制字符串类型
判断表或其他对象及列是否存在 --判断某个表或对象是否存在 if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'classes')) print '存在'; go if (exists (select * from sys.objects where object_id = object_id('student'))) print '存在'; go if (object_id('student', 'U') is not null) print '存在'; go --判断该列名是否存在,如果存在就删除 if (exists (select * from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('student') and name = 'idCard')) alter table student drop column idCard go if (exists (select * from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'student' and column_name = 'tel')) alter table student drop column tel go
创建、删除表 --判断是否存在当前table if (exists (select * from sys.objects where name = 'classes')) drop table classes go create table classes( id int primary key identity(1, 2), name varchar(22) not null, createDate datetime default getDate() ) go if (exists (select * from sys.objects where object_id = object_id('student'))) drop table student go --创建table create table student( id int identity(1, 1) not null, name varchar(20), age int, sex bit, cid int ) go
给表添加字段、修改字段、删除字段 --添加字段 alter table student add address varchar(50) not null; --修改字段 alter table student alter column address varchar(20); --删除字段 alter table student drop column number; --添加多个字段 alter table student add address varchar(22), tel varchar(11), idCard varchar(3); --判断该列名是否存在,如果存在就删除 if (exists (select * from sys.columns where object_id = object_id('student') and name = 'idCard')) alter table student drop column idCard go if (exists (select * from information_schema.columns where table_name = 'student' and column_name = 'tel')) alter table student drop column tel go
添加、删除约束 --添加新列、约束 alter table student add number varchar(20) null constraint no_uk unique; --增加主键 alter table student add constraint pk_id primary key(id); --添加外键约束 alter table student add constraint fk_cid foreign key (cid) references classes(id) go --添加唯一约束 alter table student add constraint name_uk unique(name); --添加check约束 alter table student with nocheck add constraint check_age check (age > 1); alter table student add constraint ck_age check (age >= 15 and age <= 50) --添加默认约束 alter table student add constraint sex_def default 1 for sex; --添加一个包含默认值可以为空的列 alter table student add createDate smalldatetime null constraint createDate_def default getDate() with values; ----- 多个列、约束一起创建-------- alter table student add /*添加id主键、自增*/ id int identity constraint id primary key, /* 添加外键约束*/ number int null constraint uNumber references classes(number), /*默认约束*/ createDate decimal(3, 3) constraint createDate default 2010-6-1 go --删除约束 alter table student drop constraint no_uk;
插入数据 insert into classes(name) values('1班'); insert into classes values('2班', '2011-06-15'); insert into classes(name) values('3班'); insert into classes values('4班', default); insert into student values('zhangsan', 22, 1, 1); insert into student values('lisi', 25, 0, 1); insert into student values('wangwu', 24, 1, 3); insert into student values('zhaoliu', 23, 0, 3); insert into student values('mazi', 21, 1, 5); insert into student values('wangmazi', 28, 0, 5); insert into student values('jason', null, 0, 5); insert into student values(null, null, 0, 5); insert into student select 'bulise' name, age, sex, cid from student where name = 'tony'; --多条记录同时插入 insert into student select 'jack', 23, 1, 5 union select 'tom', 24, 0, 3 union select 'wendy', 25, 1, 3 union select 'tony', 26, 0, 5;
查询、修改、删除数据 --查询数据 select * from classes; select * from student; select id, 'bulise' name, age, sex, cid from student where name = 'tony'; select *, (select max(age) from student) from student where name = 'tony'; --修改数据 update student set name = 'hoho', sex = 1 where id = 1; --删除数据(from可省略) delete from student where id = 1;
备份数据、表 --备份、复制student表到stu select * into stu from student; select * into stu1 from (select * from stu) t; select * from stu; select * from stu1;
利用存储过程查询表信息 --查询student相关信息 exec sp_help student; exec sp_help classes; |
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