数学词汇中英文对照 (初中部分) 四、图形与几何 几何学:geometry 圆:circle 圆心:the center of a circle 半径:radius(pl.radii) 直径:diameter 圆周长:circumference of a circle 圆周率:circumference ratio 弧:arc 圆心角:central angle 圆的面积:area of a circle 扇形:sector 扇形统计图:sector diagram 圆环:circular ring 直线:line 公理:axiom 相交:intersection 交点:intersection point 射线:ray 线段:line segment 端点:end point 大写字母:capital letter 小写字母:lower-case letter 延长线:extension line 截取:intercept 距离:distance 角:angle 边:side, edge 始边:initial side 终边:terminal side 箭头:arrow 体:solid 长方体:cuboid 面:surface(face) 棱:edge 长方形:rectangle 平面:plane 点:point 几何图形:geometry figure 平面图形:plane figure 立体图形:solid figure 平角:straight angle 周角:round angle 三角尺、三角板:triangular ruler 量角器:protractor 角平分线:angular bisector 直角:right angle 锐角:acute angle 钝角:obtuse angle 互为余角:complementary angle 互为补角:supplementary angle 度(数):degree 对顶角:vertical angles 邻补角:adjacent angles on a straight line 垂直(的):perpendicular 垂直于:be perpendicular to 垂线:perpendicular line 垂足:foot of perpendicular 同位角:corresponding angles 内错角:alternate interior angles 同旁内角:interior angles on the same side 平行(的):parallel 平行线:parallel lines 平行于:be parallel to 定义:definition 圆规:compasses 中点:center (midpoint) 直尺:ruler 命题:proposition 真命题:true proposition 假命题:false proposition 题设:hypothesis 结论:conclusion 定理:theorem 推论:corollary, inference, deduction 证明:proof 欧几里得:Euclid 三角形:triangle 内角:interior angle 中线:median 高:altitude, height 不等边三角形:scalene triangle 等腰三角形:isosceles triangle 等边三角形:equilateral triangle 底边:base 顶角:vertex angle 底角:base angle 锐角三角形:acute triangle 直角三角形:right angled triangle 钝角三角形:obtuse triangle 斜边:hypotenuse 外角:exterior angle 全等形:congruent figures 对应边:corresponding sides 对应角:corresponding angles 全等三角形:congruent triangles 全等于:be congruent to 逆命题:converse proposition 逆定理:converse theorem 垂直平分线:perpendicular bisector 对称点:symmetrical points 对称轴:axis of symmetry 轴对称:line symmetry 四边形:quadrilateral 凸四边形:convex quadrilateral 对角线:diagonal 多边形:polygon 五边形:pentagon 六边形:hexagon 七边形:heptagon 八边形:octagon 九边形:nonagon 十边形:decagon 平行四边形:parallelogram 矩形:rectangle 菱形:rhombus 正方形:square 对称中心:centre of symmetry 中心对称:central symmetry 梯形:trapezium, trapezoid 等腰梯形:isosceles trapezium 面积:area 比例线段:proportional line segments 黄金分割:golden cut 相似形:similar figures 相似三角形:similar triangles 相似于:be similar to 相似比:similarity ratio 集合:set 原点:origin 长度:length 元素:element 属于:belong to 不属于:not belong to 有限集:finite set 无限集:infinite set 空集:empty set 包含:contain 包含于:lie in 子集:subset 真子集:proper subset 补集(余集):complementary set 全集:universal set 交集:intersection 并集:union 偶数集:a set of all the even numbers 奇数集:a set of all the odd numbers 逻辑:logic 逻辑联结词:logical connective 或:or 且:and 非:not 真:true 假:false 真值表:truth table 原命题:original proposition 逆命题:inverse proposition 否命题:negative proposition 逆否命题:inverse and negative proposition 充分条件:sufficient condition 必要条件:necessary condition 充要条件:sufficient and necessary condition ……的充要条件是……:…if and only if … 指数函数:exponential function 对数:logarithm 常用对数:common logarithm 自然对数:natural logarithm 对数函数:logarithmic function 数列:sequence of numbers 项:term 通项公式:the formula of general term 有穷数列:finite sequence of numbers 无穷数列:infinite sequence of numbers 递推公式:recurrence formula 等差数列:arithmetic progression 公差:common difference 等差中项:arithmetic mean 等比数列:geometric progression 公比:common ratio 等比中项:geometric mean 三角函数:trigonometric function 始边:initial side 终边:terminal side 正角:positive angle 负角:negative angle 零角:zero angle 象限角:quadrant angle 弧度:radian 弧度制:radian measure 角度制:degree measure 正弦:sine 余弦:cosine 正切:tangent 正割:secant 余割:cosecant 诱导公式:induction formula 正弦曲线:sine curve 余弦曲线:cosine curve 最大值:maximum 最小值:minimum 周期:period 最小正周期:minimal positive period 周期函数:periodic function 振幅:amplitude of vibration 频率:frequency 初相:initial phase 反正弦:arc sine 反余弦:arc cosine 反正切:arc tangent 有向线段:directed line segment 数量:vector 零向量:zero vector 相等向量:equal vectors 共线向量:collinear vectors 平行向量:parallel vectors 实数与向量的积:multiplication of vector by scalar 单位向量:unit vector 基底:base 基向量:base vectors 平移:translation 正弦定理:sine theorem 余弦定理:cosine theorem |
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