如果艾滋病毒携带者希望与你握手...你会如何面对？

昵称2530266 2015-12-01

展开全文

又到了12月1日，又到了红丝带飘扬的日子。关于HIV和AIDS你了解多少？如果有一个艾滋病毒携带者现在就站在你的面前希望跟你握手，你会勇敢的伸出手吗？

中国日报独家街拍《你愿意和艾滋病毒携带者握手吗？》这里有被采访者在现场的真实第一反应，看看能不能找到你的影子？

但是，关于艾滋你了解的够多吗？

我们总结了15个最容易被大家误以为真的关于艾滋病毒的伪命题。

看看你有几条是中招的！

“HIV/AIDS is a death sentence.”

成了艾滋病毒携带者或是得了艾滋病就等同于被判了死刑。

Truth: In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was little to no treatment available and the AIDS death rate was very high. Now, over thirty medications have been approved by the U.S. government to fight HIV and AIDS, with many more in development.

真相：在80年代和90年代早期，由于治疗艾滋病的手段十分有限，艾滋病的死亡率居高不下。但是现在，治疗手段大大改善，单就美国来说政府就通过了30种以上的治疗方法来为艾滋病毒携带者和艾滋病人进行治疗。

“If I take birth control, I won’t get HIV.”

如果做了节育手术就不会感染艾滋病毒

Truth: There are many tools in what we in the field call the “prevention tool belt” that can help prevent the transmission of HIV, but birth control is not one of them. It’s best to know how to put on a condom, so that it does its best to protect you.

There are two other pills that can help fight HIV. One is PrEP , a once-daily pill that is taken to prevent HIV infection, and the other is PEP, which is taken after exposure to HIV to prevent infection.

真相：有很多方法可以防止感染艾滋病毒，但是节育手术并不是其中之一，最好还是带上安全套。还有两种药可以帮到对抗HIV。一个是事前吃的，一天一片用来阻止艾滋病毒感染，还有一种是事后吃的，起到补救的作用。

“I heard you can get HIV through kissing, from drinking out of the same cup as someone with HIV, or by sharing a plate with someone who has HIV.”

“我听说跟艾滋病毒携带者接吻、用同一个杯子或者盘子都能感染。'

Truth: HIV transmission can only happen in a couple of ways, and the two most common are unprotected sex and sharing needles.

For HIV infection to occur, you need two things: a transmission fluid (semen, pre-ejaculate, breastmilk, vaginal fluids or blood) and a port of entry (mouth, vagina, anus, veins).

There has never been a documented case of infection of HIV from saliva.

真相：艾滋病毒的传播也就那么几种途径，其中最主要的两种是无保护措施的性接触和共用针头。

艾滋病毒感染需要两种条件：1、传播的液体（精液、母乳、阴道分泌液或血液）；2、传播介质（嘴、阴道、肛门和静脉）。

迄今还没有资料记录过任何一例艾滋病毒传染是通过唾液传播的。

“Women who are HIV positive can’t — and shouldn’t — have babies.”

艾滋病毒呈阳性的女人不能也不应该生孩子

Truth: Though HIV can be transmitted from mother to child, it is completely possible — and completely normal — for positive mothers to give birth to happy, healthy babies. There are a number of options available for HIV-positive women looking to have children.

真相：是的，艾滋病毒可能会通过母婴传播，但这并不是绝对的。艾滋病毒呈阳性的女性也可以生出完全健康的孩子。艾滋病毒呈阳性的女性想要生育的话，现在是有很多方法可以做到的。

“You can have ‘full-blown AIDS.’”

你可能直接被确诊为艾滋病。

Truth: HIV is a virus — it stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and is a diagnosis that is given to someone with HIV when one of two things happen: You have less than 200 white blood cells or if you get an opportunistic infection.

真相：HIV指艾滋病病毒，全称人类免疫缺陷病毒；而AIDS指艾滋病，全称获得性免疫缺陷综合征。艾滋病毒携带者在发生下面两种情况之一就可以确诊为艾滋病。你的白血球含量低于200，或者你有机会感染。

“People who have HIV cannot have sex with people who do not have HIV.”

艾滋病毒携带者不能跟没有携带艾滋病毒的人做爱。

Truth: Many people who have HIV have sexual relations with HIV-negative people. Condoms are one part of prevention, but another big part of HIV prevention is called “treatment as prevention.”

Many people are in “serodiscordant” relationships, where one person is negative and the other is positive. They are normal and beautiful.

真相：很多人艾滋病毒携带者跟艾滋病毒呈阴性的人发生性关系。避孕套只是艾滋病毒预防的一部分,对于艾滋病毒更主要的是通过治疗促进预防。

很多人就是处在这种一方没有艾滋病毒感染而另一方有感染的性关系中。这种情况很正常，他们发生性关系也很美妙。

“It’s okay to have unprotected sex if you and your partner are both positive.”

如果你和你的伴侣艾滋病毒都呈阳性，你们就可以不采取任何保护措施就发生性关系

Truth: Many people are unaware of HIV superinfection, which happens when an HIV-positive person is infected by a second strain of HIV. HIV can evolve differently in each person’s body; if it mutates, a different strain can emerge. Using condoms and taking HIV meds, like we discussed before, helps keep this worry at bay.

真相：很多人并未意识到艾滋病毒还会重叠感染，这种情况发生在一个艾滋病毒阳性携带者被另一个携带者二次感染。艾滋病毒在每一个人体内的感染程度是不一样的，如果它发生变异,不同的菌株就会出现。使用避孕套和抗艾滋病药物,就像我们之前所讨论的,有助于减少我们大家的担心。

“HIV was created to kill the gay/black/Latino/immigrant/injection-drug-using/etc. populations.”

艾滋病毒就是用来消灭那些同性恋者、黑人、拉丁裔人、外来移民、注射吸毒等人群的。

Truth: HIV infection can happen to anyone. And while it can happen to anyone, HIV disproportionately affects many populations, but that is no fault of the populations themselves.

Many societal factors, including poverty, access to education, access to quality health care, geographical location , and racism can put many other groups at high risk for HIV infection.

真相：艾滋病毒的传染可以发生在很多情况下，也可以发生在任何人身上。它的分布可能在一些人群比例比较高，但这根本不是这些人自己的错。

很多社会因素包括贫穷、得不到教育、医疗条件差、地理位置的差别、还有种族都歧视才是让这些人群成为艾滋病毒感染高危人群的重要因素。

⑨ “I can’t get HIV. It’s a gay/black/drug user’s/[insert community here] disease.”

我是不会感染艾滋病毒的，只有那些同性恋、黑人、注射毒品的人才会。

Truth: As we said before, HIV can happen to anyone, even if you don’t think you’re at risk. Some people were happily married when infected. Some people were diagnosed much older and face living their 50s with HIV. It’s important to know that no matter how healthy or how good someone looks, you should protect yourself.

真相：就像我们之前所说，艾滋病毒的传染可以发生在任何人身上，即使你不认为自己会有感染的危险。有些人高高兴兴的结婚，结果被对方传染了；有的人活了半辈子，50多岁了却被查出是艾滋病毒携带者...

所以，很重要的一点是，无论你觉得自己的身体有多么的健康、看起来有多棒，都要学会好好的保护自己。

⑩ “Straight women only get HIV because their men are on the down-low!”

异性恋的女子如果感染了艾滋病毒肯定是她们的男人在外面跟其他男人乱搞。

Truth: The problem with the down-low is not whether or not it actually exists, but that it is always tied to the HIV epidemic and to the black community with very little data to support that claim.

If you really believe in the down-low, then you have to believe in something else: homophobia and stigma. If things like the down-low make you angry, then you should be angry that there are communities in which homophobia and stigma are so ingrained that people are not allowed to live as their true selves.

真相：人们一想到男人和男人搞在一起，不管事实上这种关系存不存在，就会自然的跟艾滋病毒传染和黑人社区之类联系在一起，但事实上根本就没有权威的数据可以证明这一点。

如果你真的相信是这样的，那么你同时也不得不相信另两样东西那就是对同性恋的恐惧和耻辱。如果你对男男在一起这件事感到气愤，那么你其实更应该气愤的是整个社会对于同性恋的恐惧和耻辱感而使得很多人不能够在生活中做真正的自己。

“HIV/AIDS is a chronic manageable disease… just like diabetes!”

艾滋病毒和艾滋病就是像糖尿病一样的慢性病。

Truth: Let’s get this straight — with treatment, HIV/AIDS is a chronic manageable disease. However, unlike HIV/AIDS, having diabetes does not have nearly as much stigma attached to it.

HIV stigma is any feeling of disgrace/shame/dirtiness associated with someone who is HIV positive. People with HIV are often met with violence, legal action, job loss, betrayal from former partners and more.

真相：我们直说了吧，艾滋病毒和艾滋病也算是一种慢性病，但是却跟糖尿病等其他的慢性病不一样，因为其他的慢性病不会像艾滋病和艾滋病毒一样被附加那么多的耻辱在患病者身上。

人们在说艾滋病毒呈阳性的人就会跟侮辱、羞愧、厌恶、瞧不起、污秽等所有表达恶毒感觉的词语连在一起。艾滋病毒携带者面临的更多的是暴力、没有法律保障、失业、过去的伴侣和伙伴的背叛甚至更多。

“HIV is a punishment from God!”

艾滋病毒是来自上帝、神的惩罚！

Truth: HIV is not a punishment for anything. It is a disease that millions of people in the world live with everyday. Some clergy even live with HIV!

真相：艾滋病毒并不是一种惩罚，而是一种病在世界上很多人的日常生活中存在着，其中也包括一些神职人员！

“I heard there’s a cure out there that’s being withheld.”

我听说已经有了可以治愈艾滋病毒的方法，但是并没有对外公布。

Truth: Now more than ever, HIV cure chatter is starting to bring hope to a lot of people. Though it is good to talk about the HIV cure, we have to realize that that is something that will be solved in a laboratory.

真相：现在流传着很多治疗艾滋病的方法，似乎给人们带来了希望。我们谈论关于艾滋病治疗的方法很好，但我们也不得不承认目前还没有治愈艾滋病的好方法，还有待在实验室里解决。

“HIV isn’t real.”

艾滋病毒并不是真的存在。

Truth: Yes, HIV denialism is real, unfortunately. Won’t even respond to this one. Just, no.

真相：我只能说很不幸，拒绝艾滋病毒主义是真是存在着的。不想多回应这条啦，这是说法是假的。

“You can use alternative medicines to treat HIV exclusively.”

你可以用可代替药物去治疗艾滋病毒。

Truth: Many people do treat symptoms of HIV with alternative medicines — HIV medicines can have plenty of side effects. But to use alternative medicine exclusively can be dangerous.

真相：许多人用其他的可替代药物来治疗艾滋病毒，因为艾滋病毒治疗药物有很大的副作用。但是，我想说的是，其实服用这些可替代药物的危险性更高。

怎么样？是不是看完之后有种恍然大悟的赶脚呢？

恭喜你！现在知道还不算晚！

关于艾滋病毒检测相关词汇

艾滋病：Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome，AIDS　

艾滋病相关综合征：AIDS-related Complex，ARC

艾滋病毒：Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV

艾滋病毒感染者：HIV-infected patients

插入性性交：Penetrative sex

包膜蛋白：Envelope protein

操纵基因：Operating gene

被动性交：Receptive sex