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2015 肺亚实性结节影像处理专家共识(三)

 昵称30235298 2016-01-17


  3.MRI: 在肺结节的检出方面,MRI的敏感度远低于CT,主要原因是肺部质子密度低,磁敏感性不均匀,空间分辨率低。应用常规的T1WI或者T2WI很难显示5mm以下的结节。对于GGN,尤其是pGGN,MRI不能显示。因此,目前不推荐使用MRI检查诊断GGN。

  4.PET-CT:PET-CT对GGN病变的诊断价值有限。主要原因是:(1)阳性率低,pGGN假阴性率100%,mGGN假阴性率也达60%以上。因此,其定性价值有限。(2)此类病变即使是恶性也很少发生淋巴或血行转移,因此分期价值也有限。(3)标准摄取值(standard uptake value,SUV)诊断良恶性的特异度较低,脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)高摄取不一定是肿瘤,低摄取也不能排除肿瘤。但最大SUV(SUVmax)对肿瘤预后有一定预测价值,高摄取的提示预后较差。因此,建议SUVmax联合观察CT形态学改变来对结节进行定性和预后评价。结合美国内科医学学会(American College of Chest Physicians,ACCP)2013版临床指南中对疑似肺癌结节使用PET-CT检查的建议,我们的建议如下:

  (1)pGGN,不推荐PET-CT检查。

  (2)mGGN,实性成分<5mm的,不推荐PET-CT检查。

  (3)对直径10mm以上的mGGN,实性成分>5mm的,如果定性困难,可推荐PET-CT检查。

  (4)高度怀疑恶性的mGGN病变,实性成分>5mm的,行全身PET-CT检查进行术前分期时可以推荐

  (5)伴有肺内其他实性结节,或者有肺外恶性肿瘤病史的GGN患者,建议行PET-CT检查。(未完待续)


  延伸阅读图文资料 →→

  A. 磁共振对肺部结节的鉴别(病例)

  http://www./index.aspx?Sec=sup?=mri&Pag=dis&ItemId=76941

  58岁男性,右上肺鳞状细胞癌史。


  A. CT扫描肺窗显示右中叶一9mm胸膜下结节。


  B.T13D快速场回波(梯度回波),显示右中叶9-mm 结节 .


  C.T2三翻转快速自旋回波黑血序列, 结节信号弱,难以辨认。

  病理:碳末沉积纤维化结节,无肿瘤细胞。

  延伸阅读图文资料 →→

  B. PEC-CT对肺部结节的鉴别(病例)

  Lung Cancer Case [http://www.]

  病例1:病例资料提供:美国匹兹堡大学医学中心

  病史:

  男性,67岁,最近CT发现肺部三枚结节,拟进行PET-CT扫描。

  影像学发现:

  核医学PET/CT

  申请检查的目的:肺癌分期

  注入药物:8.43 mCi 18F FDG 静脉注射

  扫描技术(略)

  血糖:97 mg/dL

  对照:过往外院CT扫描

  Clinical History

  67-year-old man with 3 pulmonary nodulesdetected on a recent CT scan, was referred for a PET/CT scan.

  Imaging Findings NUCLEAR MEDICINE PET/CT

  STATED REASON FOR REQUEST: Staging lung cancer

  RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL ADMINISTERED: 8.43 mCi 18F FDG IV.

  TECHNIQUE: Emission scanning was performed extending from the base of the skullthrough the pelvis approximately 1 hour post radiotracer injection. Images werereconstructed with and without attenuation correction using the CT attenuationcoefficients.

  BLOOD GLUCOSE: 97 mg/dL

  COMPARISON: Previous outside CT scan.


  PET/CT所见:本次扫描CT上可见3个结节,其中2个位于右肺,1个位于左肺。右肺中间的病灶可见明显的FDG摄取。右肺和左肺的其余病灶FDG摄取不明显。

  PET/CT FINDINGS: There were 3 nodules notedon the CT portion of this examination, 2 in the right lung and 1 in the left.The medial lesion within the right lung demonstrated marked FDG uptake. Theremaining nodule in the right lung and the left lung nodule demonstrated nosignificant FDG uptake.

  鉴别诊断:

  本次扫描的表现需鉴别的病变包括:FDG摄取不明显的转移性肿瘤,如支气管肺泡癌,高分化腺癌,或错构瘤、肉芽肿等良性病变。

  Differential Diagnosis

  The differential for this finding would include a second primary malignancywhich is not FDG avid such as bronchoalveolar carcinoma or a welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma or a benign lesion such as hamartoma orgranuloma.

  讨论:

  本例非常有趣,外院CT扫描发现两肺3个结节,PEC-CT扫描结果只有一个结节表现出明显FDG摄取。对该病灶进行活检的结果为腺癌。外科医生和病人决定把三个结节都切除。最后病理证实三个结节分别为三种不同的病理性质:右肺中间的为腺癌,右肺靠胸膜下的结节,是由癌栓引起的肺梗死而成,左肺的结节则是良性的错构瘤。在本特殊病例,PET-CT准确地鉴别出了恶性病灶,但…….

  Discussion

  This is a very interesting case of a gentleman with 3 pulmonary nodules on anoutside CT scan. He was referred for a PET/CT scan, which showed only 1 of the3 nodules was FDG avid. A subsequent biopsy of the FDG avid nodule showedadenocarcinoma. The surgeon and the patient decided to resect all 3 nodules.The pathology of the 3 nodules showed adenocarcinoma, a more peripheral area ofinfarct from tumor embolus and in the other lung a benign hamartoma. In thisparticular case, PET/CT accurately identified the malignant nodule from theother 2 benign nodules.

  Data courtesy of Dr. Todd Blodgett,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

  病例2

  ECR 2013 / C-1880

  Lung Adenocarcinoma: radiologic-pathologiccorrelation according to the new multidisciplinary classification


  (a)PET-CT影像:左上肺直径10mm的 pGGN,无FDG摄取。因病灶在6个月的随访中增大而进行了外科切除。(b)病理显示肺腺癌(中央纤维变形)并周边广泛鳞屑样生长。

  (a) images; a 1 cm pure GGN in the left upperlobe which does not show a FDG uptake. Patient underwent surgical resectionbecause the lesion has grown since the last CT scan performed 6 months before.(b) Resection specimen shows an invasive LA (central area with fibrosis) withprevalence of lepidic growing (peripherally). References: - Rome/IT

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