kvm虚拟机默认使用raw格式的镜像格式,性能最好,速度最快,它的缺点就是不支持一些新的功能,如支持镜像,zlib磁盘压缩,AES加密等。 本文出自:http://koumm.blog.51cto.com 进一步的学习参考:kvm+libvirt虚拟机快照浅析 http://itxx.sinaapp.com/blog/content/130 1. 查看现有磁盘镜像格式与转换(1) 查看磁盘格式 # qemu-img info test01.img raw格式需要转换成qcow2 (2) 关闭虚拟机并转换磁盘 # virsh shutdown oeltest01
(3) 转换磁盘格式 # qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 test01.img test01.qcow2 -f 源镜像的格式 查看转换后的格式,已经转换成了qcow2, 这里是拷贝一份,并将格式转成qcow2 # qemu-img info test01.qcow2 2. 修改虚拟机配置文件修改磁盘格式,与新qcow2格式的磁盘。 3. 对虚拟机进行快照管理(1) 对oeltest01虚拟机创建快照 也可以virsh snapshot-create as oeltest01 snap1 创建后个快照别名。 (2) 查看虚拟机镜像快照的版本 (3) 查看当前虚拟机镜像快照的版本 可以看到为当前最新的快照版本。 [root@node1 data]# [root@node1 data]# virsh snapshot-current oeltest01 01. < domainsnapshot > 02. < name >1378579737</ name > 03. < state >shutoff</ state > 04. < creationTime >1378579737</ creationTime > 05. < memory snapshot = 'no' /> 06. < disks > 07. < disk name = 'hda' snapshot = 'internal' /> 08. < disk name = 'hdc' snapshot = 'no' /> 09. </ disks > 10. < domain type = 'kvm' > 11. < name >oeltest01</ name > 12. < uuid >8f2bb4a7-c7ed-32aa-3676-9fb05923269d</ uuid > 13. < memory unit = 'KiB' >524288</ memory > 14. < currentMemory unit = 'KiB' >524288</ currentMemory > 15. < vcpu placement = 'static' >1</ vcpu > 16. < os > 17. < type arch = 'x86_64' machine = 'rhel6.4.0' >hvm</ type > 18. < boot dev = 'hd' /> 19. </ os > 20. < features > 21. < acpi /> 22. < apic /> 23. < pae /> 24. </ features > 25. < clock offset = 'localtime' /> 26. < on_poweroff >destroy</ on_poweroff > 27. < on_reboot >restart</ on_reboot > 28. < on_crash >restart</ on_crash > 29. < devices > 30. < emulator >/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</ emulator > 31. < disk type = 'file' device = 'disk' > 32. < driver name = 'qemu' type = 'qcow2' cache = 'none' /> 33. < source file = '/data/test01.qcow2' /> 34. < target dev = 'hda' bus = 'ide' /> 35. < address type = 'drive' controller = '0' bus = '0' target = '0' unit = '0' /> 36. </ disk > 37. < disk type = 'block' device = 'cdrom' > 38. < driver name = 'qemu' type = 'raw' /> 39. < target dev = 'hdc' bus = 'ide' /> 40. < readonly /> 41. < address type = 'drive' controller = '0' bus = '1' target = '0' unit = '0' /> 42. </ disk > 43. < controller type = 'ide' index = '0' > 44. < address type = 'pci' domain = '0x0000' bus = '0x00' slot = '0x01' function = '0x1' /> 45. </ controller > 46. < controller type = 'usb' index = '0' /> 47. < interface type = 'bridge' > 48. < mac address = '52:54:00:82:39:01' /> 49. < source bridge = 'br0' /> 50. < model type = 'virtio' /> 51. < address type = 'pci' domain = '0x0000' bus = '0x00' slot = '0x03' function = '0x0' /> 52. </ interface > 53. < serial type = 'pty' > 54. < target port = '0' /> 55. </ serial > 56. < console type = 'pty' > 57. < target type = 'serial' port = '0' /> 58. </ console > 59. < input type = 'tablet' bus = 'usb' /> 60. < input type = 'mouse' bus = 'ps2' /> 61. < graphics type = 'vnc' port = '5910' autoport = 'no' listen = '0.0.0.0' > 62. < listen type = 'address' address = '0.0.0.0' /> 63. </ graphics > 64. < video > 65. < model type = 'cirrus' vram = '9216' heads = '1' /> 66. < address type = 'pci' domain = '0x0000' bus = '0x00' slot = '0x02' function = '0x0' /> 67. </ video > 68. < memballoon model = 'virtio' > 69. < address type = 'pci' domain = '0x0000' bus = '0x00' slot = '0x04' function = '0x0' /> 70. </ memballoon > 71. </ devices > 72. </ domain > 73. </ domainsnapshot > [root@node1 data]# (4) 查看当前虚拟机镜像文件 又创建了一个,快照的版本也记录在镜像文件中了。 快照配置文件在/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/snapshot/虚拟机名称/下 4. 恢复虚拟机快照(1) 恢复虚拟机快照必须关闭虚拟机。 确认虚拟机是关机状态 (2) 确认需要恢复的快照时间,这里恢复到1378579737 (3) 执行恢复,并确认恢复版本 5. 删除虚拟机快照(1) 查看虚拟机快照 # qemu-img info test01.qcow2 这里删除第一个快照1378579737 (2) 删除快照 到此kvm虚拟机快照测试完毕。kvm虚拟化学习笔记进行到这里了,感觉到kvm虚拟化的内容真的很多。水是越来越深了。 |
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