特约作者:河南 张黎明 根据近两年高考语法填空的阅卷分析情况,我们发现很多考生忽视了以下六个方面,导致失分较多,同学们一定要重视呀! 01 题目要求 根据语法填空题的做题要求:”阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式”可知,在有提示词时要用提示词的相应形式,没有提示词时只能填入一个单词。如果考生没有记住这个要求,在既可以用现在分词,也可以用定语从句的情况下,就很有可能错填成定语从句。 【典例1】 (2016·郑州一检) Tu is the first native Chinese person __63__(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences. 【解析与答案】 分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,可以确定空白处应为定语,于是有考生误填为who receives。事实上,根据语法填空的做题要求,有提示词的空白处要用其正确形式填空,本题提示词为动词,只可能是考查考生对其时态、语态、非谓语动词形式和构词法等知识的掌握情况,不可能用定语从句。同时因为名词前有序数词修饰,所以应用动词不定式作定语。故本题应填to receive。 02 词性和词形 英语中的单词多为多义词,词性也相对较多,因此语法填空中给出的提示词可能是名词、形容词、动词、副词等,但空白处究竟填什么词性,就要根据具体的语境来确定,如果按照惯性思维就会填错。比如,若提示词为动词,根据句意及前后逻辑关系,有可能是填谓语、非谓语,也可能是词性、词义或词形转换题,还可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词,比如要在词根前加un-, im-, in-, mis-等或在词根后加-less等。 【典例2】 Delighted, the country mouse accepted the________(invite) and came to the city mouse's house. 【解析与答案】 词性转换题。空处位于动词accepted之后,作宾语,结合空前的the可知,应用名词形式,这里指的是请柬,故填invitation。 【典例3】 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __65__(slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. 【解析与答案】 词性转换题。修饰动词短语give out ,应用副词slowly。 03 上下文的联系 忽视上下文的联系是指有些考生忽视了上下文的逻辑关系、时间先后顺序或者是上下文的指代,从而造成填写错误。比如说a few hours ________,要根据语境来判断是几小时前还是几小时后。 【典例4】 (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I arrived(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours __62__, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with __its__(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain. 【解析与答案】 当我黎明前到达阳朔时天正下着小雨,但我不在乎。几个小时之前我还在香港的家里,弥漫着呛人的烟雾。这里的空气清新洁净。根据句意可知,我在香港的家里是在几个小时之前,故填before或earlier。另外,本句的时态为过去完成时,也说明是在几个小时之前。 04 单词拼写 注意区分不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词三种形式,特殊名词变复数和副词变化的特殊情况等。 【典例5】 (2016·福建五校毕业班统考)We should make every effort to__prevent(prevent) school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __65__ (safe) could not be guaranteed. 【解析与答案】 分析句子结构可知,形容词personal后应是名词,且空处作if从句的主语,故填safety。部分考生会漏掉字母,误写作safty。 【常见易错词】 written, held, lay, referred, bit, flew, taught, bookshelves, description, mice, thieves, irresponsible, whether, comfortably, (un)fortunately, terribly, truly, probably等。 05 句子成分 语法填空题中分析句子成分很重要,部分考生由于句子成分划分错误,造成填错答案。 【典例6】 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __70__ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 【解析与答案】 空后的thick是形容词,故填how引起感叹句。 【典例7】 Since I got to know him, I have learned that strangers can become friends and ________ life can be more enjoyable if I make friendly conversations. 【解析与答案】 有些考生看到空后有名词life,便填了冠词a。实际上,分析句子结构可知,learned后有两个that引导的宾语从句,第二个that不可省略,因此填that。 06 固定用法 近两年新课标全国卷语法填空题中都涉及了对固定句型、习惯用法或固定短语等的考查,因此常见的固定用法是不容忽视的。 ①判断it is...that...,so/such...that, (n)either...(n)or等固定结构中具体填的是哪个词。 【典例8】 Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ________ too little. 【解析与答案】 此处表示”也不”,要注意neither...nor搭配。故填nor。 ②it作形式主语或形式宾语。 【典例9】 (2016·郑州一检)She also thinks __64__ is scientists' duty to fight for the health of all humans. 【解析与答案】 有些考生认为空处引导宾语从句,误填that。其实,本句运用了句型:It's sb.'s duty to do sth.”做某事是某人的责任”。thinks后的宾语从句缺少主语,应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans。故填it。 ③牢记这些固定句型:There is no doubt that...; There is no sense (in) doing sth.; It's high time that sb. did/should do sth.; It is/was the first(second...) time that sb. has/had done sth.; be doing sth. when...; have no choice but to do sth.;It will be not long before等。 【典例10】 (2015·广东卷)One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily. 【解析与答案】 此处运用了固定句型:be doing sth. when,所以填when。 ④牢记常见词组:as a matter of fact, be proud of, at the same time等。 【典例11】 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to__cool (cool) the house during the hot day; __67__ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【解析与答案】 at the same time表示”同时”,为固定搭配。 来源:《金考卷特快专递》第6期《微刊》 |
|