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面对面——现在完成时“难点“及”考点“

 昵称31885638 2016-03-25

伴着激扬的音乐, Let's go!


  • 具体用法

1.表示已完成

分为两种情况:(1)表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(2)表示从过去到现在这段时间之间曾经经历过的事情。如:

The clock has just struck ten.时钟刚敲过十点。

Guilin is the most beautiful place I have evervisited.

桂林是我去过的最美丽的地方。

2. 表示未完成

表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且可能还会持续下去的动作或状态。常和表示一段时间的状语如for, since, thesedays, this year等连用。如:

Mr. Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.

自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

Her mother has worked as a teacher for thirty years.

她母亲已当了三十年教师。

  • 巧辨现在完成时

当现在完成时表示过去的动作时与一般过去时的区别是:现在完成时强调此事对现在的影响,着眼点在现在。一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情,强调过去。不妨试一试:

(1)看时间状语如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语,看具体情况,两种时态都可用;如果有,则一般用一般过去时。如:

I(have) bought a new English-Chinese dictionary. 我买了一本新英汉词典。

Ibought a new English-Chinese dictionary yesterday. 昨天我买了一本新英汉辞典。

(2)句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问对方是否做过某事 (句首无疑问词),常用现在完成时;但当询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做某事时(句首有疑问词),要用一般过去时。如:

— Has the plane arrived? 飞机到了吗? — Yes, it has. 是的,到了。

— When did it arrive?什么时候到的? —Half an hourago. 半小时前。

注意:这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。

  • [走出误区]现在完成时与瞬间动作:

瞬间动词如arrive, begin, borrow, buy,come, die, join, leave等可以用于现在完成时,但其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

I hearhe has come back. 我听说他回来了。(√)

I hearhe has come back for a few days. 我听说他回来好几天了。(×)

I hearhe has been back for a few days. (√)

  • 常见用法讲解:

(1) 固定句式:It is/ has been …since…“自从……以来多长时间了since后面的句子用一般过去时。如:

It is / has been sixty years since the People’s Republic of China wasfounded.

中华人民共和国成立已经有六十年了。

(2)固定句式:This / It is the first (second, third…) time that…“这是第…………”that从句用现在完成时。如:

This is the firsttime that I have watched stars through a telescope.

这是我第一次通过望远镜看星星。



“现在完成时”考点分析


从历届中考英语试卷来看,对“现在完成时”的考查,主要体现在以下几个方面。(备选项序号下加横线的选项为正确答案)

一、考查“现在完成时”的构成。

“现在完成时”由“助动词have/has 动词的过去分词”构成。这一时态常和“already, yet,ever, never, just, before, since 时间点/从句(一般过去时),for 时间段”等状语连用。例如:

1. Zhao Lan _________ already _________ inthis school for two years.

A. was; study B.will; study

C.has; studied D.are; studying

(北京市)

2.The Chengs _________ here for years.

A. is living B.have lived

C. has lived D.lives

(深圳市)

二、考查“现在完成时”的反意疑问句。

根据“现在完成时”的构成,可知其反意疑问句中的附加问句的构成形式为:“have/has 主语 ?”。同时,应遵循“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”的原则。例如:

3.You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, __________?

A. haven’t you B.have you

C. do you D.don’t you

(河北省)

4.She has been to the new airport, ________ she?

A. isn’t B.wasn’t C. doesn’t D. hasn’t

(上海市)

三、考查与“现在完成时”连用的时间状语。

依据上述第一部分可知,“现在完成时”常与“since 时间点”或“for 时间段”等时间状语连用。例如:

5.I haven’t seen him _________ 1992.

A.since B. for C. ago D. before

(杭州市)

6.My uncle has worked in this hospital ________.

A.for ten years B.ten years ago C. since ten years

(成都市)

四、考查already yet在“现在完成时”中的运用。

already常用于肯定句,可置于句中或句末;yet常用于否定句或一般疑问句,通常置于句末。例如:

7.Mom _________ (cook) supper yet. (用所给动词的正确形式填空)

(四川省)

答案:hasn’t cooked

五、考查have/hasgone to, have / has been tohave / has been in的用法区别。

have /has gone to 某地”表示“已去某地了,现在人不在这里”;

have/ has beento 某地”表示“曾经到过某地,现在人可能在这里”;

have /has been in 某地”表示“人已在某地”或“在某地呆过”,其后常与“for 时间段”或“since 时间点或从句(常用一般过去时)”等时间状语连用。例如:

8.Miss Gao isn’t here. She _________ to the station to meet Mr Brown.

A. went B.has gone C. has been D. would go

(北京市)

9.Lucy and Lily can speak good Chinese, because they _________ China for six years.

A.have been in B.have been to

C. have come to D.have gone to

(上海市)

10.Where haveyou _________ these days?

I have __________ to Dazhu with myfriends.

A. been; gone B.been; been

C. gone; been D.gone; gone

(重庆市)

六、考查非延续性(瞬间性)动词的用法。

在“现在完成时”的肯定句式中,非延续性动词要转换成相应的延续性动词或用“be 形容词/副词”并与表示时间段的状语相搭配,

例如:buyhaveborrowkeepcomebe heregobe therebegin/startbe onarrive in/atbe in/atmarrybe marriedfall illbe illfall asleep/go to sleepbe asleepdiebe deadjoin the League/Partybe in the League/Party (be a League/ Party member)join the armybe in the armybe a soldiercatch a coldhave a coldwake upbe awakeopen (v.) be open (adj.)close (v.) be closed (adj.)等。例如:

11.A. He bought the book five days ago. (转换为意思相同的句子)

B. He ________ _________ the book for five days.

(山东省)

Key: has had

12.How long_________ you _________ the library book?

For only three days.

A. did; borrow B.have; borrowed

C.were; kept D.have; kept

(苏州市)

13. How long _________ the film ________?

A. did ; begin B.has ; begun

C.has; been on D. has;been

(重庆市)

七、考查“现在完成时”与“一般过去时”的区别。

“现在完成时”表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是现在的情况,但若提到该动作发生的具体时间或地点时,则谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:

14.I havefinished my homework.

When ________you _________ it?

A. have; finished B.do; finish

C.did; finish D.will; finish (天津市)



真题解析


江苏常州】7.—Why are youworried?

—I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She New for three days.

A. has gone to B.has been to C. has been in D. has come in

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查动词时态的用法。has gone to去某地未返回;has been to曾经去过某地;has been in呆在某地;has come in已进来。由答语前半句我正期待我女儿来的电话可知她去纽约还未回来,故选A


湖南衡阳】28. —Look at these stamps. I them for five years.

—Wow, they arewonderful.

A. kept B. have kept C. have bought

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查现在完成时的用法。由for five years可知本题是现在完成时态,且动词需要用持续性动词。故选B


湖北孝感】36. —I’d like you totell me something about Shen Nongjia.

—I’m sorry, butneither Jack nor I ____ there. xK b1 .C om

A. havebeen B. had been

C. havegone D. has gone

【答案】A

【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。答语意为对不起,但是杰克和我都没去过那儿。可知要使用现在完成时。have/has been to 地点,意为去过某地,现在已经回来了;have/has goneto 地点,意为去了某地或在去某地的路上;答句是neither … nor…引导的两个并列主语,故选A


天津】33. —Is Tom at home?

—No, he ______ to town.

A. hasbeen B.has gone C. goes D. will go

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词的时态。——Tom在家吗?——不在,他已经去镇里了。表已经去了某地方,现在不在说话者说话的地方have/has gone to结构。故选B


四川雅安】13. He for ten years.

A. has been married B. married C. gotmarried D. has married

【答案】A

【解析】考查非延续性动词的用法。BC两项,时态不对,可排除;marry是非延续性动词,在现在完成时的肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,可排除D项;married可作形容词,意为结婚的,所以选择答案A


浙江湖州】24. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _________ thefilm.

A. sees B. saw C.will see D. has seen

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词时态朱丽叶将不去电影院了,因为她看过这部电影了。这表明过去的动作对现在造成了结果,意思指,我现在知道这部电影的内容了,因此用现在完成时,故选D


12江苏连云港】. Julie's father ________ to London lastt month. He ________there three times.

A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been

C. went; has been D. has been; had gone

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词的时态。根据句意:上个月朱莉的爸爸去伦敦。他已经去过那里3次了。,前一句是一般过去时,后一句则是现在完成时,所以选择C


四川雅安】17. My sister has learnt English .

A. for twelveyears ago B. since she was four

C. twelve yearsago D. at the age of four

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时的时间状语。由谓语动词has learnt可知,应用表示一段时间的时间状语,A项表达错误;CD两项用于一般过去时,所以选择答案B


黑龙江绥化】26. She ________ the book ________ two days ago.

A. hasborrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词用法辨析。句意:两天前她借了这本书。因为borrow 是短暂性动词,如果想与for /since 一段时间连用,要把borrow变成延续性动词keep,时态为完成时,所以选择答案B


湖北随州】31. —Jack, I haven't seen your uncle for a long time.

—He ______ Shanghai on business fortwo months.

A. wentto B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to

【答案】C

【解析】考查延续性动词的用法。根据题意:他在上海做生意两个月了,for two months是一段时间,须用延续性动词。has gone to是去了某地,has been to是去过某地,has been in表示一直在某地,表示状态。所以选择答案C



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