巧记不规则动词变化
不规则动词的变化多,数量大,须下工夫记住。但是,只要我们可以将它们分析归类,找出其共同点,就容易记住了。现将中学阶段的不规则动词变化归类如下:
一、AAA型(过去式、过去分词与原形相同)
|
原形 |
过去式 |
过去分词 |
含义 |
1 |
cost |
cost |
cost |
值(多少)钱 |
2 |
cut |
cut |
cut |
切,割,砍 |
3 |
fit |
fit |
fit |
适合;合身 |
4 |
hit |
hit |
hit |
伤害,伤痛 |
5 |
hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
撞,打 |
6 |
let |
let |
let |
让 |
7 |
put |
put |
put |
放 |
8 |
read |
read |
read |
读 |
9 |
set |
set |
set |
树立;创造;落山 |
10 |
shut |
shut |
shut |
关闭;合拢 |
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、ABA型(过去分词与原形相同,但与过去式不同)
序号 |
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
词义 |
1 |
come |
came |
come |
来 |
2 |
become |
became |
become |
变为 |
3 |
run |
ran |
run |
跑;经营 |
三、 ABB型(过去分词与过去式相同,但与原形不同)
|
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
词义 |
1 |
bring |
brought |
brought |
|
2 |
build |
built |
built |
|
3 |
burn |
burnt/burned |
burnt/burned |
|
4 |
catch |
caught |
caught |
|
5 |
dig |
dug |
dug |
|
6 |
feel |
felt |
felt |
|
7 |
fight |
fought |
fought |
|
8 |
find |
found |
found |
|
9 |
get |
got |
got |
|
10 |
hang |
hung/hanged |
hung/hanged |
|
11 |
have/has |
had |
had |
|
12 |
hear |
heard |
heard |
|
13 |
hide |
hid |
hid |
|
14 |
hold |
held |
held |
|
15 |
keep |
kept |
kept |
|
16 |
lay |
laid |
laid |
|
17 |
learn |
learnt/learned |
learnt/learned |
|
18 |
leave |
left |
left |
|
19 |
lend |
lent |
lent |
|
20 |
lose |
lost |
lost |
|
21 |
make |
made |
made |
|
22 |
mean |
meant/meant/ |
meant/meant/ |
|
23 |
meet |
met |
met |
|
24 |
pay |
paid |
paid |
|
25 |
say |
said |
said |
|
26 |
sell |
sold |
sold |
|
27 |
send |
sent |
sent |
|
28 |
shine |
shone |
shone |
|
29 |
sink |
sunk/sank |
sunk/sunken |
|
30 |
sit |
sat |
sat |
|
31 |
sleep |
slept |
slept |
|
32 |
smell |
smelt |
smelt |
|
33 |
spell |
spelled/spelt |
spelled/spelt |
|
34 |
spill |
spilt |
spilt |
|
35 |
spit |
spat |
spat |
|
36 |
spoil |
spoilt |
spoilt |
|
37 |
stand |
stood |
stood |
|
38 |
sweep |
swept |
swept |
|
39 |
teach |
taught |
taught |
|
40 |
tell |
told |
told |
|
41 |
think |
thought |
thought |
|
42 |
understand |
understood |
understood |
|
43 |
wake |
waked/woke |
waked/woke/woken |
|
44 |
win |
won |
won |
|
四、ABC型之一( 过去分词以en结尾)
|
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
词义 |
1 |
beat |
beat |
beaten |
|
2 |
break |
broke |
broken |
|
3 |
choose |
chose |
chosen |
|
4 |
eat |
ate |
eaten |
|
5 |
fall |
fell |
fallen |
|
6 |
forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
|
7 |
freeze |
froze |
frozen |
|
8 |
give |
gave |
given |
|
9 |
mistake |
mistook |
mistaken |
|
10 |
ride |
rode |
ridden |
|
11 |
rise |
rose |
risen |
|
12 |
speak |
spoke |
spoken |
|
13 |
take |
took |
taken |
|
14 |
write |
wrote |
written |
|
ABC 型之二(无规律型)
序号 |
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
序号 |
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
1 |
am, is |
was |
been |
5 |
go |
went |
gone |
2 |
are |
were |
been |
6 |
lie(躺) |
lay |
lain |
3 |
do |
did |
done |
7 |
see |
saw |
seen |
4 |
draw |
drew |
drawn |
8 |
wear |
wore |
worn |
ABC型之三(情态动词)
序号 |
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
序号 |
原 形 |
过 去 式 |
过去分词 |
1 |
can |
could |
/ |
4 |
shall |
should |
/ |
2 |
may |
might |
/ |
5 |
will |
would |
|
3 |
must |
/ |
/ |
|
|
|
|
归纳记忆法
一、过去式,过去分词相同:
1. 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met feed/fed/fed
2. 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt sleep/slept/slept
keep/kept/kept sweep/swept/swept
3. 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加t
spell/spelt/spelt smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt
4. 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾 (有a则a,无a则o)
catch/caught/caught teach/taught/taught
bring/brought/brought buy/bought/bought
think/thought/thought
6. 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood understand/understood/understood
7. 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid pay/paid/paid say/said/said
8. 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent build/built/built
9. 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat spit/spat/spat
win/won/won dig/dug/dug
10. 将ell改为old
tell/told/told sell/sold/sold
11. 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt mean/meant/meant
dream/dreamt/dreamt spoil/spoilt/spoilt
12. 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的
learn/learnt/learnt learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt smell/smelled/smelled
13. 其它
have(has)/had/had hear/heard/heard
shoot/shot/shot lose/lost/lost
hold/held/held get/got/got(AmE gotten)
find/found/found make/made/made
leave/left/left
二、三者均不同:
-
过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown know/knew/known
throw/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed
draw/drew/drawn
-
改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum sink/sank/sunk
-
改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven write/wrote/written
rise/rose/risen ride/rode/ridden
-
原形后加(e)n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven rise/rose/risen
eat/ate/eaten fall/fell/fallen
give/gave/given
-
过去式后加(e) n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken wake/woke/woken(或woke)
-
其它
be/was或were/been do/did/done
forget/forgot/forgotten go/went/gone
hide/hid/hidden see/saw/seen
wear/wore/worn
-
有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken (或woke) wake/waked/waked
sink/sank/sunk sink/sunk/sunken
-
动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shone/shone照耀 shined/shined擦亮
hung/hung悬挂 hanged/hanged绞死
-
两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie躺卧 lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay放,下蛋 laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现 find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
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