句子: 按其使用目的,句子可分为: 陈述句: This is a dog.这是一只狗。 疑问句: Is this a dog?这是一只狗吗? 祈使句: Open your eyes!睁开眼睛! 感叹句: What a beautiful dog this is!这是只多么漂亮的狗! 按语法结构,句子可分为: 简单句: I am studying.我在读书。 并列句: I am studying, but he is playing.我在读书,他却在玩。 复合句: Although I am studying, he is playing.虽然我在读书,他却在玩。 凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,它可以用肯定式和否定式。句末用句号“·”,通常用降调。 We live in Beijing.(肯定句) 我们住在北京。 We don’t live in Beijing.(否定句) 我们不住在北京。 因为陈述句是英语中最常用的基本句子,我们在讲述时态时,详细地讲述了各种时态的陈述句,可参见第六章~第十一章。 本节侧重于陈述句中的否定结构,现把英语中否定句总结如下: 1 be动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. 我不是学生。 I don't know him. 我不认识他。 He can't speak English. 他不会说英语。 1.be动词的否定句 a.句型:主语+be动词+not~. I wasn't good at English. 我英语不好。 He isn't hungry. 他不饿。 b.进行时和被动语态(现在时、过去时、进行时)都有be动词,所以它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。(详见第十三章被动语态) They aren't cleaning the room.(现在进行时) 他们没在打扫房间。 The child was not looked after. (过去时的被动语态) 这个孩子以前没有被照顾过。 c.将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词的否定句型。 (○) They will not be sent to the front. (×)They will be not sent to the front. 他们将不会被送到前线。 2.情态动词的否定句 句型:主语+情态动词+ not +动词原形 (详见第十二章中的“情态动词”部分) I cannot do it myself. 我自己做不了这件事。 You mustn't take the books out. 你们一定不能把书拿出去。 3.一般动词的否定句 句型:主语+ do(does, did)+ not +动词原形 (详见第七、八章) 注意 否定式的缩略形 is not→isn't are not→aren't Was not→wasn't were not→ weren't do not→don't does not→doesn't did not→ didn't Can not→can't will not→ won't must not→ mustn't have not→ haven't has not→ hasn't had not→hadn't am not无缩写形式,应为I'm not形式。 He doesn't do his homework every day. 他不是每天都做作业。 They didn't have the class-meeting yesterday. 他们昨天没开班会。 They don't live in Shanghai. 他们不住在上海。 |
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