直接引语和间接引语导学案
Learningaims:1.掌握直接引语和间接引语的结构和功用。
2.能够熟练进行直接引语和间接引语的转换。
直接引语和间接引语的概念：
1.直接引语：_________引述别人的原话。直接引语必须放在引号内。
2.间接引语：用自己的话_______别人的话。间接引语不用引号。
二、直接引语和间接引语的转换：
1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，要变成that引导的宾语从句。
例如：Theteachersaid,“Iamveryhappytohearthenews.”
Theteachersaid_____________________veryhappytohearthenews.
直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，要变成if或whether引导的宾语从句。
例如：Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?”
Heasked____________________sure_______mother______come.
直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，要变成由相应的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
例如：Jennyaskedme,“WhereisMaryfrom?”→Jennyaskedme______________from。
直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，祈使句变成动词不定式结构，作动ask,tell,order,beg,advise等的宾语补足语。即：asksbtodosth
注意：表示命令时常用：tell，order表示请求时常用：ask，beg
例如：Hesaid,“Don''tdothatagain.”→He___________________dothatagain.
直接引语变间接引语的五点变化：
1.人称的变化：请记住口诀：一主，二宾，三旧（不更新）。
例如：Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisusingyourpentodohishomework.”
Tomsaidtomethat____brotherwasusing_____pentodo______homework.
时态的变化：若主句为过去时态，通常要将推注：①若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。
：Theteachersaid,“Theearthturnsaroundthesun.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
②有时直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态可不变。
：Hesaid,“Mysonwasbornin1995.”→Hesaidthathissonwasbornin1995.
：以上变化有时应视情况而定
1）若在当时转述，now不必改为then
2）若在当天转述，today,yesterday,tomorrow不必改为thatday,thedaybefore,thenextday若在当周转述，thisweek,lastweek不必改为thatweek,thelastweek
4）若在当年转述，thisyear,lastyear不必改为thatyear,thelastyear等。
若在当地转述，则here也可不改为there。
若地点和场所未发生改变，come和bring等也可不变
一、把下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语。
1.“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.
2.“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.
3.
“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.
4.“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.
5.Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
6.“IsyoursongoingtoShanghaitodayortomorrow?”heasked
7.
“Don''tlookoutofthewindowwhenyouhaveclasses.”ourteathertoldus.
8.“Makegooduseofyourtime.”MrLiadvised.
9..“canyoutellmehowtogettothenearestrestaurant？”themanaskedthepoliceman
Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”
11.Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”
12.Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.
二、把下列句子中的间接引语改为直接引语。
ＢettyaskedmeifIhadbeenathomethedaybefore.
Ｂettyaskedme，“______________athome________?”
2.Shesaidthatshehadbeenbackforaweek.→Shesaid,“______________foraweek.”
3.MrSmithsaidthatJohnhadtoldhimallaboutitthreeweeksbefore.
MrSmithsaid,“John_______________allaboutitthreeweeks__________.”
4.Theteacheraskeduswhetherwewereready.
Theteacheraskedus,“________________________?”
5.Theteachertoldhernottobelateanymore.
Theteacher________________her,“_____________lateanymore!”
直接引语变间接引语练习
1．Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”
2．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”
3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”
4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”
5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”
6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”
7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”
8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”
10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’
12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.”
13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”
14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”
15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.
16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”
17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.
18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”
19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”
20．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”
21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?”theyoungmanasked.
22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.
23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.
24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?”Maryaskedme.
25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?”theoldmanaskedmybrother.
二.单项选择
1.Heasked________forthecomputer.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_______.
A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilm
C.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm
3.→“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He______me_____thewindow.
A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose
4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid_________.
A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher
5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He_____verynaughty.
A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyis
C.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas
6.→“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.→Sheasked________.
A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwell
C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.
7.→Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”→Heaskedme_________.
A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
C.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguemember
D.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.
8.→Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_______.
A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalong
C.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong
9.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter
10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”He_____me_______thatagain.
A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;don’tdoC.toldme;don’tdoD.toldme;nottodo
附答案：
1．Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.
2．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.
3．SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.
4．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.
5．TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.
6．Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.
7．ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.
8．Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
9．Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.
10．Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.
11．Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.
12．Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.
13．Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.
14．HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.
15．Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.
16．Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.
17．Hesaidthey(had)insistedthatshestartimmediately.
18．Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.
19．ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.
20．Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow
21．TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived.
22．Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.
23．Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
24．Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.
25．Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathehaddonetherethedaybefore.
答案与简析：
D宾语从句要用陈述句语序。2.D一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.3.C直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask(请求),tell(告诉),order(命令),invite(邀请),warn(警告),advise(建议)等,而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advisesb.(not)todosth.4.D直接引语为陈述句,变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。5.C6.B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7.C选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8.C直接引语为特殊疑问句,变间接引语时,用特殊疑问词引导,并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9.D注意时态的一致。What作主语，thematter（=wrong）作表语。10.D直接引语为祈使句,变间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用。.
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