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初中情态动词用法总结

 wuming0717 2016-04-06

专项:情态动词

考点: 情态动词的用法和辨析,情态动词表示推测和可能,由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。

类型:1 只是情态动词:can, could, may, might, must

         2 可做情态动词,可做实义动词:need, dare

         3 可做情态动词,可做助动词: will, would, shall, should

         4 特殊:have to, ought to, used to

特征:1 有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。

         2 无人称和数的变化。(have  to 除外)

            eg: he has to stay here.

         3 后接动词原形。

         4 具有助动词作用,可构成否定,疑问或简短回答。

用法

1. can ① 表示能力,“能,会”。eg : can you play basketball?

     ② 表示怀疑,猜测,常用于否定句或疑问句。

eg :li hua can’t be in the classroom.

     ③ 表示请求,允许,多用于口语,译“可以”= may.

eg: you can go now.

     ④can 开头的疑问句,肯定句,否定句用can或 can’t.

2.could  ①can 的过去式,表示过去的能力。

eg :i could swim when i was seven years old.

②could 开头的疑问句,肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示现在的委婉,用can 回答。

eg: could i have a drink? yes, you can.

3.may  ① 表示推测,“可能,也许”,用于肯定句。

eg: he may come tomorrow.

       ② 表示请求,“许可,可以”。eg:may i borrow your book?

注:表示请求,许可时,主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,否定回答用mustn’t“不可以,禁止,不许”,不用may not“可能不”。

       ③表示祝愿。eg :may you success.

4.might ①表示“可以”,用于过去时中。

         eg: he told me i might smoke in the room.

       ②用于现在时,表示说话更委婉,礼貌。

         eg:he might be doing his lessons now.

5.must ①表示“必须,应该”。

②表示推测“一定”。

eg:there is someone knocking at the door.it must be jim.

      ③否定句中,mustn’t 表示禁止,“不允许”。

④以must 开头的疑问句,肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t , 表示“不需要,不必”=“don’t have to”.

      ⑤表示“偏偏”。eg: must you play the piano at this time.

6.need ①情态动词:+do,用need 提问或回答,肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用needn’t. eg: you needn’t come to school so early.

       ②实义动词:+to do ,用助动词提问和否定。

       ③+doing 表示被动。

       ④needn’t have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。

eg: i actually needn’t have bought so much wine.

7.dare ①情态动词,多用于疑问句,否定句,条件句中。

eg: i’m afraid you dare not to do such a thing.

        注:i dare say 习惯说成“也许,我想”。

             eg: it will rain this afternoon, i dare say.

②实义动词:dare to do ,用于肯定句中,当用于否定句或疑问句时,to 可以省略。eg: this student doesn’t  dare to raise any question in class.

8.shall  ①用于第一人称表示征求意见,询问。

          eg: shall i open the window?

             shall we have lunch here?

        ②表示说话人的态度,“命令,警告,允诺,威胁”。

           eg: you shall finish your homework first.

③用于第三人称,在条约,规定,法令等文件中表示义务或规定,“应该,必须”。(不常用)

9.should  ①表示义务,责任“应该”。eg:we should obey traffic laws.

②作为shall 过去式,用于第一三人称,表示征求意见。eg:mr lee asked if he should get his visa.

         ③表示“竟然”。

eg: it’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.  

         ④表示说话人的特殊情感,如惊奇,愤怒,失望等。

eg: how should i know?

         ⑤表示劝告,建议,“应该”。

            eg: you should listen to your teacher.

10.will ①用于第二人称表示询问,请求,也可以表达现在的“意愿”。eg: will you pass me the book?

②表示意愿,决定,允诺,用于各种人称。

  eg: i will try my best to help you.

③表示规律性的“注定会”。

  eg: people will die without air or water.

11.would ①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。

          eg: would you tell me the way to the station?

12.have to ①“必须,不得不”,强调客观需要,含有时态的变化。

           eg: i’ll have to ask jim instead.

         ②区别:must 表示“必须,应该“,主观看法。

13.ought  to ①表示职责,义务或要求,及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。eg: humans ought to stop polluting nature.

            ②比should 语气强,ought to 反映客观情况,should表示主观看法。

            ③ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。

              eg: you are late. you ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.

14.used to ①表示“过去常常,过去是“,没有人称和数的变化,可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式:usedn’t  to 或didn’t  use to ,疑问词将use提前或did…use to …?

eg: he didn’t use to be so careless.

          ②区别 would :带有主观性,并且现在做不做不知道。used to :客观性,和现在进行对比,过去常常,现在就不怎么做了。

eg: he would phone me on sunday.

eg: i used to be very fond of music when i was young.

           ③区别:be used to doing (情态动词)习惯于…

                   used to do (情态动词)过去是,过去常常…

                   be used to do (过去式) 被用来做…

                   eg: i am already used to noisy city life here.

                      my parents used to live in south america.

                      this machine is used to cut up waste paper.

15.其他:⑴had better do 最好做某事 eg: you had better stay at home.

           否定:had better not do

         ⑵be able to 与can 表示能力时用法相同,但前者有时态的变化,有能力成功做某事。

          eg: we will be able to come back next week.

 专题练习

1( ) 1 john___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
a. may b. can c. has to d. must
( ) 2 they ___ do well in the exam.
a. can be able to b. be able to c. can able to d. are able to
( ) 3 -may i take this book out?
-no, you___.  a. can't b. may not c. needn't d. aren’t
( ) 4 you___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
a. can b. must c. dare d. would
( ) 5 -can you speak japanese?
-no, i____.  a. mustn't b. can't c. needn't d. may not
2( ) 1 -he___ be in the classroom, i think.
-no, he ___ be in the classroom. i saw him go home a minute ago.
a. can; may not b. must; may not c. may; can't d. may; mustn’t
( ) 2 -shall i get one more cake for you, dad?
-thanks, but you___, i've had enough.  a. may not b. must not c. can't d. needn’t
( ) 3 even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it       be very difficult.   a. may b. must c. can d. need
( ) 4 he isn't at school. i think he ___ be ill.   a. can b. shall c. must d. has to
( ) 5 ___ i take this one?  a. may b. will c. are  d. do
3( ) 1 the children___ play football on the road.  a. can't b. can c. mustn't d. must
( ) 2 you ___ be late for school again next time.

a. mustn't b. needn't c. don't have to d. don't need to
( ) 3 -must i do my homework at once?
-no, you___.   a. needn't b. mustn't c. can't d. may not
4( ) 1 his arm is all right. he___ go and see the doctor.
a. has not to b. don't have to  c. haven't to d. doesn't have to
( ) 2 he had to give up the plan, ___ he?  a. did b. didn't c. does d. doesn't
( ) 3 they had to walk here, ___ they?  a. mustn't b. did c. didn't d. hadn't
5( ) 1 he had better stay here, ___ he?  a. didn't b. don't c. hadn't d. isn't
( ) 2 you'd better___late next time.  a. not to be b. not be c. won't be d. don't be
( ) 3 you'd better ___ your hair ___ once a month.
a. had; cut b. had; cutted  c. have; cut d. have; cutted
( ) 4 you___ ask that man over there. maybe he knows the way.
a. had better not to b. had not better c. had better d. had better not
6( ) 1 -shall we go and visit the history museum next sunday?
a. here you are b. sorry, i can't c. yes, please d. let me try
( ) 2 -why don't you ask mike to go with us?
-thanks, ___.  a. i will b. i won't c. lean d. i may
( ) 3 -___ i take the newspaper away?
-no, you mustn't. you____read it only here.
a. must; can b. may; can c. need; must d. must; must
7( ) 1 excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup?
a. do b. should c. would d. must
( ) 2 ___ you like to have another try?
a. could b. will c. would d. do
( ) 3 -would you like to go boating with us?
-yes, ___.a. i'd like b. i want c. i'd like to d. i do
8( ) 1 you___ worry about your son. he will get well soon.
a. needn't b. can't c. mustn't d. have to
( ) 2 the poor man needs our help, ___ he?
a. need b. needn't c. does d. doesn't
( ) 3 -must we do our homework first?
-no, you___. you may have a rest first.
a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. can't

 



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