Isabel Bishop (March 3, 1902 – February 19, 1988) was an American painter and graphic artist who depicted urban scenes of Union Square, New York, from the 1930s to the 1970s. She is best known for her depiction of American women and as a leading member of the Fourteenth Street School of artists. Bishop was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and brought up in Detroit, Michigan, before moving to New York City at the age of 16 to study illustration at the New York School of Applied Design for Women. Bishop's parents were descended from old, wealthy and highly educated East Coast mercantile families. Her Father was a scholar of Greek and Latin, and her mother was an aspiring writer as well as an early activist for women's suffrage. The family moved to Detroit as a result of increased economic pressure and to find work. At age twelve, Bishop began her art education in a Saturday morning life drawing class at the John Wicker Art School in Detroit. Upon graduating from high school, Bishop moved to New York to pursue a career as a graphic artist. After two years there she shifted from illustration to painting, and attended the Art Students League for four years until 1924. It was there that she studied with Guy Pène du Bois and with Kenneth Hayes Miller, from whom she adapted a technique which owed much to baroque Flemish painting. In addition, she learned from other early modernists including Max Weber and Robert Henri. During the early 1920s she also studied and painted in Woodstock, New York. Through the 1920s and 1930s she developed a realist style of painting, primarily depicting women in their daily routine on the streets of Manhattan. Her work was greatly influenced by Peter Paul Rubens and other Dutch and Flemish painters that she had discovered during trips to Europe. In 1932, Bishop began showing her work frequently at the newly opened Midtown Galleries, where her work would be represented throughout her career. In 1934, Bishop married Dr. Harold G. Wolff, a neurologist, and moved to Riverdale New York. However, she continued to work in a loft studio near Union Square on 9 West Fourteenth St, which she continued to use up until 1984. She became interested in the interaction of form and ground and the mobility of everyday life, what she called 'unfixity', life and movement captured on canvas. Her style is noted for its sensitive modeling of form and 'a submarine pearliness and density of atmosphere'. During this time, Bishop began working on various printing techniques, most notably aquatint. She returned to the Art Students League as an instructor from 1936 to 1937. In 1940, Bishop was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1941. In 1938 she painted a post office mural, Great Men Came from the Hills, in New Lexington, Ohio, through the Section of Painting and Sculpture. Bishop's mature works mainly depict the inhabitants of New York's Union Square area. Her portraits are often studies of individual heads (see Laughing Head, 1938, Butler Institute of American Art); the emphasis securely on the subject's expression – or of solitary nudes. Bishop was also a pioneer in multiple-figure compositions, often containing two females engaged in various workday interactions. In the post-war years Bishop's interest turned to more abstracted scenes of New Yorkers walking and traveling, in the streets or on the subways. Her signature changed many times over her career, ranging from the use of various pseudonyms to initials; some early pieces are signed I.B, or I. Bishop in both block and script. Her work remains significant as an example of the thematic concerns of the Fourteenth St. School as well as her contribution to feminism and the 'new woman' emerging in urban landscapes. In the mid-1940s, E. P. Dutton commissioned Bishop to illustrate a new edition of Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice. Bishop produced 31 pen-and-ink drawings (the originals are now at the Pierpoint Morgan Library). （原文来自艺术家介绍，请自行翻译中文）
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