【私家庭院】花园中的城市住宅 | Michele McKay

 

PROJECT STATEMENT  项目说明

Chicago’s motto is 'Urbs in Horto.’ Fittingly, the client wanted a City House in a Garden. This juxtaposition of urban and verdant instigated a larger study in contrast: public and private, inside and outside, formal and informal, polished and raw. The result is a home of copper, ipe and concrete knit into a lush landscape. Disparate spatial and material elements are harmonized while the inherent qualities of each element are amplified through the juxtaposition.

芝加哥的座右铭是“Urbs in Horto”(city in garden)花园城市。恰巧的是,客户想要一个花园中的城市住宅。这种关于城市环境和自然环境的共存引发了一个相对来说更大的论题：公共空间和私人空间，内部和外部，正式和非正式的,抛光的材质和原生的材质。从而形成了由铜、重蚁木和混泥土等材料共同编制而成的具有绿色景观的家。不同的空间设计元素和物质元素和谐共处,而每个元素的内在品质通过这种共存得到了加强。

PROJECT NARRATIVE  项目叙述

Located in the dense Chicago neighborhood of Lincoln Park, the client’s new construction single-family residence was designed with two goals in mind – to create a modern house for their young family of four and to establish an integral relationship between the inside and outside spaces.      

  项目地位于人口密集的芝加哥林肯公园附近，客户的新独立家庭住宅建筑设计有两个目标：为年轻的四口之家创建一所现代住宅、使室内外空间形成一个整体。

 The clients love the city and plan to raise their family in the heart of it. At the same time, they have a strong interest in plant life and the natural world and want their children to develop this interest. Thus, the design needed to embrace both of these passions – the city and the natural world – proving that these loves are not incompatible. In fact, when juxtaposed thoughtfully, each framing the other, the city and natural world are at their best.        

客户喜爱这个城市，并计划将提升市中心住宅的居住环境。与此同时，他们对植物的生长及自然世界拥有浓厚的兴趣，并且希望培养孩子在这方面的这种兴趣。因此，设计需要包含这两方面的需求——对城市及自然世界的热好，从而证明这两种爱好并非不能共存，事实上，当仔细思考这些组成元素，会发现将城市元素和自然结元素结合才能达到最好的效果。

Programmatic Requirements  规划要求

The site is 50’x125’, twice as wide as the average city lot. Yet like many urban sites, the density of the neighborhood can be a challenge when creating a private outside space. The site is surrounded by towering residences and an elementary school and parking lot are located directly to the south. On the other hand, because the school parking lot creates a 75’ gap between the school building and the residence, the site receives an enviable amount of southern exposure on the longer side of the building - an unusual asset in the city. 

       项目地面积为50’x125’（约570平方米），是城市平均水平的两倍。就像城市的很多其他住宅基地一样，在高密度的社区环境中创建一个私人的户外空间将是面临的主要挑战。项目地位于高层住宅中，南面与一所小学停车场直接相连。但因为小学停车场的存在，为学校建筑与住宅之间留出来 75’ （23米）的间距，使得建筑南面的长边上获得了令人羡慕的能创建私人户外空间的场地——一个不同寻常城市资产。

The house covers 50% of the site, leaving 3600sf of outside space on the ground level for the clients’ programmatic requirements: a dining and entertainment space, a grilling area, and several areas for perennial gardening. A 1430sf green roof allows additional space for a desired vegetable gardening area. It also allows for views of the city skyline. Between the green roof, the ground level planting beds and gravel gardens, 53% of the total site is covered in permeable surface, reducing water run-off and mitigating the heat island effect, another programmatic goal of the landscape architect and the client. 

        住宅建筑面积占整个场地的一半，留下了 3600sf（约334平方米）的室外空间范围来满足客户的规划要求：一个餐饮及娱乐空间、一个烧烤区和几个永久的园艺空间。此外，一个1430sf（约133平方米）的绿色屋顶为蔬菜种植提供了理想场地,并且为欣赏城市景观提供了良好的视角。包括屋顶花园和地面种植区和碎石花园在内，整个场地表面的53%都被可渗透材料覆盖，可以减小雨水径流、减轻热岛效应，从而达到景观设计师和客户的另一个设计要求。

The design addressed the clients’ needs and the site’s challenges through the development of four distinct landscapes: The Entry Garden, The Garden Walk, The West Garden, and The Rooftop Garden. Each garden has a different function and a unique character. What unites them are their diverse, rich palettes and their ability to hold their own, acting as a foil to an equally rich architectural palette.

       设计师通过设计四个不同的特色景观空间来解决客户的需要和场地条件之间的矛盾，四个场地分别为：入口庭院、花园步道、西面庭院和屋顶花园。每个花园都有各自独特的特点和功能。在保持它们丰富的色彩及多种多样特性的同时，将同样丰富建筑面立面衬托得更加丰富。（能力有限，貌似翻译还是不通顺）

The Entry Garden  入口庭院

In contrast to the neighboring residences, this project is unique in its embrace of the public way. There are no fences or gates mediating one’s approach to the house. The entry garden reaches out to the parkway, featuring Boulevard lindens underplanted with perennials and wild grasses - a riot of color and wildness more typically found in a private setting. It creates a visual juxtaposition with the modern materials of the house and provides a sensory experience for all who pass by.

       与相邻住宅相比，这个项目的独特之处在于其与公共空间之间的连接方式，当人需要到达住宅并不需要经过围栏或者大门。入口花园与公共道路直接相连， 独具特色的菩提树下种植有多年生植物和野草——鲜艳的色彩和野生的环境更适合种植在私人环境中。与时尚的住宅建筑材质一起形成了一个多样的视觉环境，为经过的人
提供别样感官体验。

While there is an air of openness at the parkway, the front entry was designed in a manner reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright. The entry is privately tucked away behind a raised garden planted with Royal Frost birches, rhododendron, and dwarf Japanese maples. A yew hedge to the south serves as a background for the Entry Garden and screens the parking lot and school to the south. Hydrangea climbs the building wall and Boston ivy covers the entry bench.

      然而这里和公共道路是直接相通的，入口的设计风格让人想起了弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特。住宅入口巧妙的隐藏在种植有桦树、杜鹃花、矮的日本枫树的被抬高的花园后。南面的紫衫树篱作为入口花园和南面学校停车场之间的背景和屏障。绣球花爬上了建筑的墙面，爬山虎爬上了入口的座椅。

The Garden Walk    花园步道

Along the southern edge of the house, positioned between a clean wall of glass and ipe and a 6 foot concrete wall, the Garden Walk links the very public parkway and the private West Garden. What is normally a secondary space used for transition is treated as a contemplative space with a distinctive character of its own. Large, rough, granite stones are embedded in pea gravel and interplanted with wild ginger, geranium, astilbe, epimedium, ferns, and brunnera. Trumpet vine and hydrangea climb the concrete wall, elegantly contrasting with the brutalist surface
        花园步道沿着建筑物的南面铺砌，在干净的玻璃幕墙、重蚁木和 6 英尺高（约1.8米）的混泥土墙之间，一条花园步道连接着公共道路和西面庭院。通常情况下一个次要空间通常被当做一个具有冥想功能过渡空间。步道有大的而粗糙的花岗岩铺砌而成，其间嵌入了豌豆大小的石砾、种植有野生姜、天竺葵、astilbe、三枝九叶草（淫羊藿）、蕨类植物和 brunnera。凌霄花和绣球花爬上了混泥土墙与粗糙的混泥土墙面形成鲜明的对比。

Just south of the concrete wall, Triumph elm trees are planted in the school parking lot to create shade to the south face of the building and to mitigate solar gain in the summer. This area is bright and almost like a walking meditation garden, with the sounds of the city and the rustling of the Elms providing the sound track.

        南面的混泥土墙外，种植在学校停车场的榆树为建筑的南立面提供了隐蔽，减轻了夏季的太阳直射。花园步道空间光线充足，听着城市的喧嚣和榆树的沙沙声，就像走入了沉思园。

The West Garden    西面庭园

A Yin and Yang of walls at the edges of the property – a board formed concrete wall to the south and an ipe board fence to the west and north - allow much of the first floor to be enclosed in glass. It is as if the exterior walls of the house were moved to the property limits, and the outside space is an extension of the inside. This idea is reinforced by sliding doors and a continuous bluestone ground plane. At the same time, the walls provide a peaceful limit for the eye.

        在住宅外围有一堵实墙和一堵虚墙——南边有为混泥土墙、西边和北边为重蚁木墙，这样的设计使得建筑一层外墙为玻璃为主的设计成为了可能。这样的玻璃墙突破了领域的限制，使得内外空间相互渗透，推拉门和连续铺设的青石地面使这一感觉得到了加强。与此同时，这样的墙体还起到了自然地视线过渡效果。

Nested within the walls, the West Garden features a bluestone surface for dining and entertaining. The garden is richly textured and layered with katsura, fernleaf beech, Japanese stewartia, mugo pine, quince, tiger eye sumac, perennials and ornamental grasses. The coarseness of the foliage contrasts with the orderly joint lines of the bluestone, and the crisp horizontal lines of the ipe walls.

        西部庭院是由墙体所围合出来的，以青石铺装为主的餐饮及娱乐空间。园内植物丰富，种植有错落有致，种植有紫荆、红山紫荆、欧洲盆栽山松多年生植物和观赏草的植物。粗糙的叶子与整齐排列的青石板铺砖及水平的重蚁木墙形成了鲜明的对比。

A low concrete seat wall is integrated into the West Garden as a sculptural and interactive element to engage the children. They use it as a balance beam, a store counter, a reading nook, and a hiding place. Because the garden requires no chemicals to maintain it, the children are limited only by their imagination.

       西部花园中低矮的可坐的混泥土墙成为了吸引孩子的雕塑和互动设施。他们将它当做平衡木，一个商店的柜台、读书角或者是躲迷藏的藏身之处。因为这个花园不需要化学物品来维持，孩子们将只会受到其想象力的限制。

The Roof Garden

A vegetable garden and green roof are accessible from the second floor and visible from the street, again blurring the bounds of public and private, city and verdant, urban and rural. The path leading from the door to the vegetable planters is made of stepping stones embedded in gravel and interplanted with sedum and thyme, grounding this elevated space. This feeling is reinforced by the view of the intensive green roof planted with indian grass, little bluestem, side oats gramma, agastache, pale coneflower, and Summer Beauty allium, evoking native prairies endemic to the area. This rooftop oasis softens the modern fa?ade of the building while mitigating the heat island effect, adding insulation to the space below, reducing roof runoff and attracting wildlife.

        菜园和绿色屋顶与二楼空间直接相连,从大街上也能看到，这一设计模糊了公共和私人、城市和自然的、城市和农村之间的界限。从屋顶花园的入口到菜园的道路是以汀步制成的，其中嵌入在砾石，种植景天属植物和百里香,使空间更为自然。这种感觉通过密集的绿色屋顶种植：印度草,小须芒草,side oats gramma,藿香,白紫锥菊 和Summer Beauty allium,唤起本地特有的草原特性。这个屋顶花园软化现代建筑立面，缓解热岛效应,隔绝与楼下空间的联系,减少屋顶径流和吸引野生动物。

Each area - The Entry Garden, The Garden Walk, The West Garden, and The Rooftop Garden - has its own purpose and character. Yet they share a common purpose of providing a diverse, lively frame through which the family experiences their modern home. The family actively engages in the care of the gardens, enjoying the sensory experience it provides, the birds and butterflies the gardens attract, and the privacy it affords them - right in the heart of the city they love.

        每个区域：入口庭院、花园步道、西面庭院、屋顶花园，都有各自的特征。然而他们有一个共同点，共同组成了一个多样化,活泼的、具有家庭氛围的现代家园空间。家庭成员积极参与照顾花园,享受它所提供的感官体验,鸟儿和蝴蝶被花园吸引,以及它提供的隐私——正好体现了他们对城市的热爱。