分享

专业英文是这样炼成的:?8年从“零基础”到发表税务文章300篇(附“干货”)

 陈楚清律师 2016-05-05


专业英文是这样炼成的:8年从“零基础”到发表税务文章300篇


作者: 韦金记 


 

凡事都要讲方法和效率,学专业英文也不例外。8年前,我的税务英文基础还是零,没有人指点,后来一步步地走过来,到现在,在美国国际税务专业刊物发表了中国税务英文文章300多篇,给外国客户写税务英文电邮和专业报告跟写中文也差不多一样快。

 

专业英文是这样炼成的

 

英语曾令我“头疼不已”:大学里因老师经常提问而害怕上英语课;英语四级考了两次才涉险过关(不过,后来仅花两周时间就通过了六级考试)。毕业几年后,因工作暂时用不上英文,以至于后来去以做涉外业务为主的律师事务所面试时连简写“PRC”的意思都想不起来了,可见英文丢得一干二净。

 

2007年我离开律所进入一家国际会计师事务所做跨境税务。当时连一些最基本的税务专业英文词汇都还不懂,我就“硬着头皮上路了,处理外国客户提出的各种中国税务问题。税务英文应该是法律英文中较为复杂的一种,因为税收法规复杂且难以理解,不熟悉税法或者理解不到位,英文再好也很难准确表达。


刚开始在用英文处理外国客户税务问题上,我采用了以下方法:找到美国税务专业资料,从中摘取尽可能多的常用单词、词组和句子结构,熟记并频繁应用到实务中;工作中灵活造句,遇到不懂就网上查纯英文词典以及在美国税务专业英文资料库中找到对应的用法,模仿标准的英文表述,不断追求进步和提高在这种方法下,加上工作性质需要每天运用英文,几个月后就能应用自如地造出地道的英文句子,写出专业的英文报告了。

 

税务英文在后来得到质的飞跃,还是通过发表英文文章实现的。20084月,为获得赴美工作机会,我开始向美国著名且令人尊敬的《税务分析家》(Tax Analysts)投稿,半年后四篇文章全部被采纳并其旗下的面向全球发行的《国际税收评论》(Tax Notes International)发表,由此也拿到了赴美工作的邀请函。其中一篇《Taxing Foreign Enterprises in China》,连同有汉语的路牌,还登上了该刊物的封面头条,为此还激动了好几天。



  

20099月,赴美工作半年后,我开始夜以继日地写文章,一年后在该刊物又发表了70多篇,由此意外地收到了美国法学院的破格录取通知书(自己本科非法律专业,要在美国读法学硕士,只能靠破格录取)。


20106月,我有幸成为了美国《税务分析家》在中国区的官方通讯员......



   

之后的几年里,工作之余,仍继续写文章,通过这种方式,把中国税务资讯和实务以英文形式迅速地向世界传递----这也是我想做的一件有意义的事情。


至今发表了300多篇(有长有短),中国汉字又一次登上了美国刊物的封面,还有中国的梅花。一股满足感和幸福感涌上心头,又一次兴奋了好几天。




因为写文章,从美国编辑的修改中不断发现不足及改进,英文写作水平实现了质的飞跃:从原先第一篇被改得“面目全非”现在的基本很少有改动;给客户写税务专业报告跟写中文也差不多一样快,不再为英文而发愁。


学好英文还帮助我先后通过了美国注册会计师、加州律师和纽约州律师等资格考试,实现了我的中美两国律师和注册会计师之梦。 


学习专业英文的秘诀

 

在学习和提高专业英文水平方面,我有以下几点体会:

 

  • 模仿标准的专业英文,即从专业的英文资料(最好是美国专业人士写的)中摘出常用单词、词组和句子结构,并熟记和灵活熟练运用到实际工作和学习中(自己要多造句子,不断思考和改进);

  • 让他人修改的自己写的英文材料,从中发现不足和及时改进(最好能在国外注重文章质量和细节的刊物发表英文文章,获得外国优秀的英文编辑指正);

  • 遇到不懂或不知道如何运用时,尽量查全英文词典(网上有免费的);

  • 有良好的中文表达能力和逻辑思维能力(如果中文表达不好,很难造出好的英文句子);

  • 写英文句子最好依据中国法律条文进行,因为法律条文严谨,这相当于直接把法律条文翻译为英文(尤其是中文表达能力欠佳的人更应该如此)。

 

部分英文例句

 

以下是专业英文常涉及到一些的问题,包括一些常犯错误或不规范之处(因篇幅有限,仅仅是“一些”)。这些句子全部摘自我在美国专业刊物发表的文章(美式英语)。很多东西是在不断实践中摸索和感悟出来的,很难用几句话表达清楚。不对之处,恳请指正。

 

定语连词用that

 

1. The individual income tax system should gradually shift to a new framework that features both a combined income basis and a separate income basis. (这里,美式英语用that,英式英语用which,美国编辑会把which改成that)。


不要漏掉第二个并列连词

 

2. The seller argued that the shares were transferred with reasonable commercial purpose -- to avoid legal risk -- and that the two intermediate companies were not conduit companies. (第二个that表明后面是宾语从句,与前面的that并列,不能省略,否则“the two intermediate companies”是作为宾语从句中的主语还是单独句子的主语,产生歧义)

 

3. Circular 601defines a beneficial owner of income as a person that is the owner of the income or the income-generating property or rights, and that also has the power to dispose of the income or the property or rights. (第二个that表明”has the power“的主语是a person,与第一个that并列,不能省略,否则”has the power“的主语可能被理解为a personCircular 601,产生歧义 )

 

具体日期后面有逗号隔开

 

4. A tax office of China's State Administration of Taxation in Zhejiang Province received an inquiry letter on September 30, 2011, from a U.S. international law firm that represented the Cayman Islands investment fund. (美式英语中,具体日期(含年月日)后面要有逗号隔开。但如果只含有月日的,后面不需逗号隔开;如果只含有年月的,后面可有可无逗号。)

 

because 表示因为

 

5. A Finnish company recently paid the Beijing office of China's State Administration of Taxation CNY 12 million in enterprise income tax and interest because the company was late making a statutory tax filing.(在表述因为时用because,尽量不用诸如as since等其他词,因为这些词往往还有其他意思,容易引起混淆或分辨难)

 

多个词并列时前面有逗号

 

6. Beneficial ownership regimes are intended to prevent third-country residents from treaty shopping regarding dividends, interest, and royalties. (这里在“and royalties”前面加不加逗号都是对的,但比较规范的做法应该是加逗号。)


7. An individual, a company, or any other organization may qualify as a beneficial owner, but an agent or a conduit company cannot. (同理,在“or anyother organization”前加逗号。)

 

一般尽量多用主动句,少用被动句

 

8. On behalf of the two Hong Kong companies, a well-known international tax law firm in November and December 2013, respectively, requested the Hefei National Tax Bureau to grant tax exemptions for the capital gains the applicants derived from the sales of stock of a public company in Hefei. (这里也可以以被动形式capital gains derived by the applicants from….表达,但读起来一般没有那么顺畅)

 

前词缀和单词组成新词时一般不用分隔符 “-”

 

9. 例如,一般这样表示antiavoidance; antiabuse; nonresident companies; recharacterization; semifinished products(一般不写成anti-avoidance; anti-abuse; non-resident companies; re-characterization; semi-finished products)。但两个单词之间的连接就用分隔符,例如cross-border transactions

 

重要的内容放“主谓宾”,次重要的放“定状补”

 

10. Public Notice16, which took immediate effect upon issue, states that any expenses paid by an enterprise to a foreign related party will not be deductible from taxable income if the foreign party undertakes nofunctions, no risks, and no substantial business activities. (这里不太重要的内容“which took immediate effect upon issue”不做主谓宾)

 

11. A Beijing tax office of China's State Administration of Taxation recently assessed an unidentified electronics manufacturing company CNY 425 million in enterprise income tax, as well as CNY 70 million in interest, after a five-year investigation into the company's transfer pricing. (这里本意是不强调利息数额,只强调税款。但如果也强调利息税的,就把“, aswell as” 改成and,使得税款和利息并列

 

短的放前面,长的放结尾

 

12. Under Circular 698, a nonresident company that met the conditions for the capital gains tax exemption was required to submit to a local Chinese competent tax authority documentation proving that the eligibilityconditions were met. (这里把“to a local Chinese competent taxauthority”移到前面来了,是因为英文句子一般是把长的(documentation proving that the eligibility conditions were met)作为尾巴的)


13. China's State Administration of Taxation on July 3 issued for public comment draft administrative guidanceon the domestic general antiavoidance rule. (同理,for public comment也移到前面来了)

 

学会用同位语

 

14. An office of China's State Administration of Taxation in Xiamen recently assessed two Chinese subsidiaries of an unidentified Fortune 500 company more than CNY 800 millionin taxes and interest -- the country's single largest transfer pricing adjustment in the area of cross-border services to date -- after a nearly four-year investigation. (把不那么重要的或解释性的内容作为同位语出现)

 

15. The tax office discovered that the multinational corporation allocated global service costs to the Singapore entity, a global operating center of the corporation, based on the number of employees of its corporate divisions.(把不那么重要的或解释性的内容作为同位语出现)

 

学会用which in turn

 

16. An office of China's State Administration of Taxation has received a capital gains tax payment of CNY 173 million from an overseas investment group that sold the shares of its wholly owned Hong Kong subsidiary, which in turn directly owned 49 percent of the shares in a Chinese-resident enterprise.


17. If the authority discovers a suspicious tax avoidance arrangement, it would report the matter to the provincial-level tax authority, which would in turn report it to the State Administration of Taxation.

 

学会用after which

 

18. China introduced a general antiavoidance rule in its income tax arrangement with Hong Kong in August 2006, after which almost every newly concluded income tax treaty with a developed country contains a GAAR.


19. 有人把“来源于中国的”写成'China-sourced',认真的美国编辑会改成“Chinese-source”。


20. 正式的文件中,百分比应该用'percent'而不是“%”表示。

 

 

个人简历

 

韦金记,拥有律师(中国、美国加州和纽约州)、注册会计师(中国和加州)和中国注册税务师等专业资格,专门从事国内及国际税务咨询及筹划专业服务,10年以上跨国税务(包括4年在美国)以及多年上市公司财务审计工作经验,为世界500强企业、大型央企、民营企业、外商投资企业等许多国内外客户提供了中国税务专业服务。

 

客户评价(摘自国家税务总局主管的《中国税务报》):

 

作为韦金记的客户,某全球500强企业中国区财务经理王女士对其服务印象深刻。她说,他们公司近年来有不少重组业务,其中涉及很多复杂的税务、会计和法律问题,韦金记总是能够从企业的实际出发,给他们提供一套整体的解决方案。我和他认识6年了,一直非常信赖他,有不懂的复杂问题总是第一时间找他。王女士说。

 

在我认识的所有中介机构专家中,韦金记是一个真正把客户当做上帝的人。作为韦金记的客户,另一家全球500强企业中国区财务经理李女士说。她告诉记者,作为一家法资企业的财务经理,她时常需要就一些税务处理向法国总部解释为什么。但是法国总部总是比较保守,在她看来没有问题的税务处理到了总部常常会被质疑。每当她向韦金记求助,他很擅长用总部听得懂的方式交流,问题总是能够迎刃而解。让李女士感动的是,即使凌晨打电话求助,韦金记也不厌其烦地解答。正因为韦金记的专业和敬业,我们一直请他做顾问。李女士说。



 

    本站是提供个人知识管理的网络存储空间,所有内容均由用户发布,不代表本站观点。请注意甄别内容中的联系方式、诱导购买等信息,谨防诈骗。如发现有害或侵权内容,请点击一键举报。
    转藏 分享 献花(0

    0条评论

    发表

    请遵守用户 评论公约

    类似文章 更多