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Hey there, I'm Daniel, an English teacher and the founder of 王霸胆. In today's open course, I'm going to teach you a powerful technique that will help you rapidly memorize English words and, most importantly, never forget them. I'm also going to give you some useful tips that will greatly increase the efficiency of your word memorizing. 大家好，我叫丹尼尔，一名英语老师，也是《王霸胆》的创始人。今天的公开课，我会教大家一些非常有效的快速记单词的方法，最重要的是，你以后都不会忘记它们。另外，我还会给你们一些提高你记单词的效率的技巧。 Why do we forget words? Have you ever played the crane game? You put in a quarter and try to grab a toy or stuffed animal with the crane arm. Under ideal circumstances, the crane should pick up the toy and drop in the slot the first time. But most of them don't work like that. These cranes have been designed to drop the toy right before it gets to the slot. It often takes many tries to finally win the game. 你玩过夹娃娃吗？投一个硬币，然后就可以用抓手去吊那些毛绒玩具，照理说，这些娃娃是应该可以被夹起来，然后掉进那个出口里的；但这种情况大多是不会发生的 －－ 这些抓手都是被设计好的，在移动到出口之前就会松开娃娃，经常都是要试很多遍才会成功。 When you're memorizing new words, your brain is the crane and the toy is the word. 当你在记单词的时候，你的大脑就像是这些抓手，那些玩具就像是单词。 As a language learner, you probably feel like your brain is always rigged against you. It never seems to be able to remember the word! 作为语言学习者，你可能觉得，你的大脑简直就是在跟你唱反调，好像从来就记不住什么单词。 What if there were a way to hack the crane, so that it could always pull out the word when we wanted it? There in fact is a way. It's called spaced repetition. 但如果有一个方法，可以调整你的“抓手”，让你随心所欲的记住这些单词呢？事实上，还真有一个方法，叫做曲线记忆法。 What is spaced repetition? 什么是曲线记忆法？ Imagine you're a dancer learn a new dance routine. You probably won't remember the new routine after seeing it for the first time. You need to see it, then practice it, then see it again, then practice it again, until you've mastered it. Even after mastering it, you'll still need to continue practicing it. 想象一下你是一个舞者在学习一个新的舞蹈，你可能不能看完之后，就马上记住整套动作，你要看着它去练习，重复地看，反复的练习，直到你可以掌握它，就算是你掌握了它，你也还是需要继续练习。 Learning a foreign language is like learning a new dance routine. You learn strange sounds in new combinations, and you have to remember how to put them together in the right order. That's where spaced repetition comes in handy. 学习一门外语，就和学习跳舞一样，你学习陌生的发音组合，然后要记住，如何以正确的顺序排放它们，这时候曲线记忆法就派上用场了。 Spaced repetition is a fancy way of saying, 'Making sure your brain doesn't forget stuff.' Some of the best minds in language learning recommend using spaced repetition to learn a foreign language, and I recommend it too. Many of you have asked me how I learned my Mandarin. Well, spaced repetition is the ultimate key to my success. Spaced repetition allows you to memorize words without the risk of forgetting them. Did you get that? Spaced repetition helps you memorize things without forgetting them. This is as close to magic as you can get, people. 你们都明白了吗？曲线记忆法可以帮助你记住东西，再也不会忘记，简直就是魔法一般的存在，是吧。 So what is spaced repetition? 曲线记忆法到底是什么东西？ Spaced repetition is the process of repeating information over an ever-larger interval of minutes, hours, days, months, and even years. The main idea is that, right before your brain forgets how to retrieve a piece of information from your memory, you give it a jolt and force it to remember. The smallest interval is a minute, and the largest is well...I've had intervals of over 10 years. Spaced repetition is the best way to convert information from short-term memory (1 minute - 30 minutes) to long term memory. 曲线记忆法是一个，在越来越大的时间间歇里重复一些信息的过程，比如分钟、小时、天、月、甚至是年。它的宗旨就是：如何在你马上要忘记一些东西之前，把它从你的记忆里找出来，去唤醒它从而记住它。最小的时间间歇式分钟，最大的是···好吧，我试过的最大的间歇超过10年。曲线记忆法，是把短暂性记忆（1—30分钟）转化为长期记忆的最好的方法。 The first person to document spaced repetition was a man named Ebbinghaus. He used an elaborate sequence of flashcards and spreadsheets to document the intervals between his information. 第一个验证曲线记忆法的人，叫作艾宾浩斯，他用一系列精心编制的识字卡和电子表格程序，去研究他记忆之间的遗忘规律。 Luckily, in the modern day, we have computers to help keep track of our memories: sophisticated algorithms that know our brains better than we do. 幸运的是，在发达的当下，我们可以用电脑帮我们跟踪我们的记忆，精密的算法比我们更了解我们的大脑。 The first spaced repetition software was called SuperMemo. It was developed by Piotr Wozniak, one of the earliest researchers and champions of spaced repetition methods. Supermemo is an extremely sophisticated and powerful program, and I usually recommend it for advanced spaced repetition users, but at the beginning, it's overkill. 第一个运用曲线记忆的软件叫做SuperMemo，由 Piotr Wozniak 开发。他是最早的曲线记忆法研究者以及冠军之一，SuperMemo是一个非常精密而又强大的程序，我经常把它推荐给比较熟练使用曲线记忆法的人，但对于刚接触的人来说，它有点太复杂了。 Therefore, today I'll focus on Supermemo's little brother, Anki. Anki is the software I myself used to memorize over 5,000 Chinese characters in a year, and it's the software I recommend to all my language learning friends. 因此，现在我们把目光转移到SuperMemo的弟弟Anki身上。Anki是一个我自己用来在一年内，记住超过5000个汉字的软件，我把它推荐给了我所有的学外语的朋友。 Several months ago, I made a series of three videos where I gave an in-depth demonstration of how to use Anki. If you're interested in learning more about Anki, I highly suggest you go check out those videos. 几个月前，我做了三个深入解析如何使用Anki的视频，如果你有兴趣了解如何使用Anki的话，我强烈建议你去看看那些视频。 Today, instead of focusing on the usage of Anki, I'm going to give you three tips that will help you maximize its effectiveness in memorizing words. 今天我们不讨论Anki，我会教给你三个可以让你最高效的记住单词的窍门： 1) Learn words you like. A huge mistake that most Chinese learners make is learning English words they don't care about. I've seen people preparing for the IELTS who just downloaded the vocabulary list and started memorizing it from A to Z. News flash: STOP!!! That is a complete and utter waste of time. Honestly, you'd be better off playing LOL. At least that's fun. 中国人学英语的时候最大的错误就是，学一些他们根本就不在意的词，我看过一些准备雅思的人，都是下载一个单词表，然后从A到Z去记，停！！！这完完全全就是在浪费时间，说真的，你还不如去玩英雄联盟，至少你玩得爽。 Have you ever noticed how people pick up dirty words really easily? That's because our brains love learning forbidden words--it feels so naughty. But dirty words are just one type of word our brains love. One of the first words I learned in Korean is ong dongi. It means 'butt'. Why did I learn it? Cause it sounds cool, and I like butts. 不知道你有没有注意到，人们在学脏话的时候总是很容易就学会了。那是因为我们的大脑就对这些乱七八糟的东西感兴趣，但是脏话什么的只是我们的大脑喜欢的其中一个类型，我学会的第一个韩语单词是“ong dongi”，就是“屁股”的意思，为什么我会学这个词呢？因为它听起来很酷啊，而且我就s是很喜欢屁屁~
When you're learning a new language, every word counts. Some people recommend learning the most frequent 1000 words in a language. While in theory that sounds great, in practice it's almost impossible because you don't care about the words you're learning. We learn best when we can emotionally attach ourselves to words like ong dongi. 当你在学习新的语言的时候，无论你学会什么单词都算数。有些人推荐学语言的时候去学1000个高频词，理论上来说是很不错的，实际上却不太靠谱，因为你根本不在乎你在学的这些单词，我们学得最好的往往是那些我们主观上喜欢的，比如ong dongi。 If you absolutely have to memorize a list of words, don't go in order from A to Z. First go down the list and pick words that you like, and learn those first. 如果你真的要背单词表，也别从A到Z顺序版去记，先从列表里找出你喜欢的，然后从这些你喜欢的开始下手。 2) Learn them in context Another big mistake people make when memorizing vocabulary is just memorizing the word by itself, like this: 另外一个大家记单词的时候，大错特错的地方就是，光盯着单词本身去背，就像这样：
Abandon 抛弃 Dream 梦想 Suitcase 行李箱 Then when they finally get an opportunity to use that word, they find they can't remember it. That's a really depressing feeling. Why does it happen? 等到终于有机会用这个单词了，才发现根本记不起来了，这种感觉真的很让人沮丧。那为什么会这样呢？ Imagine that your brain is a city. The neural network is the city's power grid, and the word you're trying to remember is a house. A word learned out of context, without an example phrase or sentence, is like a house on the outskirts of the city. The power is going to be a lot less reliable. 想象一下你的大脑就是一座城市，神经网就是城市的电力网，而你正在记的单词是一座房子，没有上下文去学单词，没有短语或者句子作为例子，就像是在城郊的一座房子，电力肯定会没有城市里的那么稳定可靠。 So to move our house closer to the city center, and to improve recall, we should learn that word within a specific context. I'll use ong dongi again as an example. 所以，把我们的房子搬到市中心去吧，有助于改善我们的记忆，我们应该联系上下文去学单词。我又要拿“ong dongi ”来举例了。 When I learned ong dongi, I didn't learn it by itself. I learned it within the sentence, 'You have a nice butt.' Don't ask me why I was learning that sentence. The point is, ong dongi was part of a larger context, which helped me remember it better. 我在学“ong dongi ”的时候，我并不是学的这个单词的本身，而是学的一整个句子。“你屁股不错喔~”，不要问我为什么学了这句话，重点是，“Ong dongi ”是这句话里的一部分，从而让我更好的记住了它。 To go back to our earlier example, we could construct an example sentence out of these three words: abandon, vitamin, and suitcase. 再回到我们刚才的例子，我们可以把这三个单词造句：抛弃、维生素、行李箱 Ross abandoned a suitcase full of dreams. Sounds like an interesting story to me... 这样一听就是有故事的句子… 3) Learn production and recognition. The final piece of advice I want to give to you is: be sure that you practice BOTH sides of the flashcard. Most Chinese word memorization softwares only let you practice the recognition side. They show you 'cat' and make you guess 猫. That might work for taking tests, but it's the main reason most Chinese people fail at learning English. 最后一条建议是，请确保你有练习到单词卡的两面，中国很多记单词的软件，都只提供你练习“认知”的部分，它们会给出“cat”让你猜出“猫”，这对于应付考试可能会有效，但这也是大部分中国人在学英语这件事上失败的原因。 When you spend your entire life learning how to recognize a word but never practicing speaking it, is it any wonder you don't know how to say it? 当你花了一辈子的时间，去认一个单词却从不练习去说它，那你不会说也就没什么好奇怪的不是吗？ I recommend Anki because it gives you the option of practicing both recognition AND production. As you are going through your flash cards, be sure to say the English word aloud every time. This will cement the word in your brain far quicker than just reading it with your eyes. 我推荐Anki，是因为它能同时练习你对单词的“认知”和“产出”，当你在记单词的时候，要确保你每次都有大声地念出英语单词，想牢记单词，光用眼睛认是不行的。 You shouldn't feel ashamed if you've learned English for 10 years and still can't speak a word. Honestly, it's not your fault. But if you finish watching this video and don't take my advice, then it is your fault. You've been given a choice. 如果你学了10年的英语，依然不能开口说，也不要觉得不好意思，说真的，那不是你的错。但是如果你看完这个视频不采纳我的建议，那就是你的不对了。选择权已经给你了。 Well, those are the three main tips I have for memorizing new words. But to help get you started using Anki, here are a few more things that should help you: 以上，就是我用来记单词的三个主要的技巧，下面涉及到的内容可以帮到你如何开始使用Anki：
When I was learning Mandarin, one of the hardest words for me was 旅游. Not because of the tones, but because the characters look so similar. I would constantly mix them up. So whenever you can avoid it, don't learn words that look or sound similar together (such as bear and bare).
一天不要学超过20个新单词 When people first discover Anki, and realize how powerful spaced repetition is, they tend to go a little crazy. I've seen it firsthand. They'll spend an entire day adding new words, and start learning hundreds of new words every day. Those people last about a week before they get completely burned out and quit using Anki forever. 当有些人第一次接触Anki，然后发现曲线记忆法的神奇之处时，就变得很疯狂。我曾亲眼见过，有些人花一整天的时候去加入新的单词，然后每天学几百个新单词，这些人一般都是坚持一个星期就再也不碰Anki了。 Don't be one of them. Slow and steady wins the race. Just do 10-20 new cards a day, even fewer if you don't have a lot of time. Keep doing it for a year, and you'll be amazed how much you have learned. 所以，不要和他们一样。试着心平气和的放慢学习的脚步，每天学习10—20个单词卡就可以了，如果你时间不是很充裕，还可以学更少。坚持一年下来，你就会惊讶的发现，哇，原来我掌握了这么多！
创建你自己的单词卡 People are lazy. I understand that. But you can be both smart and lazy. Adding your own cards is an example of being both smart and lazy. By adding your own cards, you're saving yourself a lot of time in the long run, because you're going to learn those cards a lot faster than learning cards from pre-made decks. If you really thinking that adding cards is so terrible, then maybe language learning isn't for you. 人都是懒的，这点我可以理解。但是你可以又懒又聪明呀。创建自己的单词卡，就是又懒又聪明的例子。通过创建单词卡长期下来你会剩下一大笔的时间，因为这比起你去学会那些人家早就做好的内容，要快得多。如果你觉得连创建单词卡都很麻烦，那也许你根本就不适合学习外语了。
精简，精简，再精简！ Anki works best when you follow the principle of 'Minimal information'. Don't try to stuff too much information on one card. One word, one meaning, and one example sentence is enough. 要用好Anki，就要遵循“微量信息”的原则。不要给一张单词卡塞入太多的信息，一个单词，一个释义，再加入一个例句就足够了。 For example 比如: ong dongi Butt 屁股 Daniel has a nice butt 丹尼尔的屁股好性感。 This is a perfect example of an Anki card. One word, one definition, and one example sentence. 这是Anki单词卡最好的例子了 －－一个单词，一个释义，一个例句。 Some words have multiple meanings. For those words, I advise you split them up into multiple cards. Don't learn them together. Use example sentences to differentiate them. 有些单词有很多种不同的意思，对于这些单词，我的建议是，把它们分开做成不同的单词卡，用不同的例句去区分它们，不要放在一起学习。 And finally, my last tip! 最后一个技巧！
Make doing your Anki a ritual every morning or evening. I usually review all of my cards in the morning, and add new cards at night after the day is over. Find what works for you, and stick with it! I promise you will learn a ton. 固定每天早上或者晚上使用Anki。我经常都在早上复习单词卡，等一天结束的时候再添加新的单词卡，找出适合自己的时间安排。然后好好坚持，我保证你一定会学到很多很多。 Well, that's it for today's open course. I hope you've learned how to effectively memorize words using spaced repetition. The power to memorize anything without forgetting--that's what spaced repetition offers you. Do you accept it? 那么今天的公开课就到这里，希望你学会如何利用曲线记忆法。高效地牢记单词，曲线记忆法的强大之处在于，帮助你记下东西，并且永远不会忘记。你能接受它吗？ Thanks so much for watching today's video. If it helped you, please remember to share it around with your friends! 非常感谢你观看今天的食谱。如果你觉得它对你有帮助，请记得转发给你的朋友们哦！
I'm 王霸胆. See you next time! Peace out |
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来自： appleapollo2 > 《待分类》
