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什么是英语定语从句？简单来说就是一个简单句跟在一个由名词或代词组成的先行词后面进行修饰限定，这样的一个句子就叫定语从句。它主要的作用是充当定语，下面我们来看一下例子。 I have a book.The book is borrowed from the library. 如上这两个句子的意思分别是：“我有一本书”，“这本书是从图书馆借来的”。“从图书馆借来的“修饰“这本书”，那么改为定语从句就是I have a book which is borrowed from the library. a book 就是一个先行词，which在定语从句被称为关系代词，另外在上面句子可以用that来代替。今天主要就定语从句中关系代词that和which的用法和区别展开讲解。 在指代事物时,两者一般可以互用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样。下面的几种情况只能用that,而不用which. ①当先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等时，只能用that,不能用which. There's nothing that can be said about it . ②当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。 The only thing that we could do was to wait. ③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. ④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时. This is the best that can be done now. ⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that. 如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . ⑥被修饰词为数词时. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive . ⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before. ⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复. Which is the book that you like best? ⑨主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free. ⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that . That's a good book that will help you a lot. 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况: ①当关系代词的前面有介词时. A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. ②在非限制性定语从句中. 2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country. (which指代主句) ③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which . Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. ④当关系代词后面带有插入语时. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English. ⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at? ⑥先行词是those+复数名词. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best. |
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