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一、主语一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 1、带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致. 如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了 两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐 2、用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数.如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人) 3、不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福. 4、并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. 5、若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数.但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数.如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到 6、名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜. 二、语法一致原则:1、主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车, 今天出售. 2、不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到. 3、加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10. 4、表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离. 三、就近原则1、由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了. 2、用连词or, either… or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事. |
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