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在考研英语阅读中，考生往往觉得阅读时间不够，或者抓不住重点，似懂非懂。究其原因，还是阅读基本功差，以及老师训练方法失当所致。这病得治疗！那么，怎么破？ 一、跳过干扰信息 如果在考试中遇到同位语，较长的后置定语（如人物的身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），插入语，很长的专有名词等，可以使用我在基础班中教授的阅读三剑客之跳读法，略过这些信息跳过不读。 I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything. （2001年text5） George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University,maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death.（2002年text4） “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”(2000年text 1) ［分析］ 这些信息在文章里出现，目的是为了干扰视线。实际，没有必要去弄明白默某人是什么大学的什么教授，也不必着急去了解美国一个部门的全称或是缩写是什么意思，因为题目中很少直接考这些信息，即使做题时需要此类信息，人名专有名词也很好在文章中定位。 ［对策］ 建议1：看到主句结束时出现了逗号或破折号，要有一种意识，这常常是开始干扰我们的信息，此时应该快速找下一个逗号或破折号，两个标点之间的字可以一扫而过，目光不许在此停留细读，迅速找到第二个逗号或破折号后面的第一个词是否是动词，如果是，判断一下与第一个逗号或是破折号前的主语是否一致，以此种方法快速确立句子主干。如何提高这个敏感度：多练。 建议2: 在快速抓大意时，一定要把主谓标出来，这样一旦需要回原文找答案，可以迅速看清句子，避免浪费时间。 At the same time, the American Law Institute—a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelinesfor tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline -- after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s -- and is still linked to the politics of thrift, inBritain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 二、智取长难句 阅读中的长难句有： 1非限定性定语从句 2强调句 3同位语从句 4虚拟语气 5倒装句 6省略句 7形式主语或宾语 第一种难句在阅读中最常见，就是说主谓之间通常以定语从句，主要是非限定性定语从句分割开来。对这类长难句，可按下列方式处理：先抓主干——主句的主语，谓语和宾语，尤其是谓语，找出句子最核心的部分，再层层向下扩展，清理各部分的修饰成分。 I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of 'juggling your life',and making the alternative move into 'downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. [参考译文] 或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种'为生活忙碌'的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 第四种难句——虚拟语气较难理解。在考研阅读中虚拟语气是一种让步语气:作者一般先阐述并正面论证自己的观点，然后从反面论证自己的观点——假设相反的观点成立，由其推出一个不能成立或是不好的结论，这样反正作者的观点是正确的。作者常以虚拟语气来反证自己的观点。可以将虚拟语气理解成一中反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度之间相反。审题时要注意问的是作者的观点还是作者虚拟的观点，后者是作者反对的观点。 ［例如］ Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.” 假如像他们的论文反应的那样，科学家们也想看到规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性，那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪人”，而喜欢“善于合作”的，具有传统思维模式的人，这也是无可指责的。 三、 标点符号的作用 阅读所涉及的主要标点符号有： 1逗号：两个逗号之间或一个逗号之后的内容是补充说明部分 2 破折号：两个破折号之间后一个破折号之后的内容是补充说明部分 A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. 3 分号：分号前后的部分是并列关系，包括结构上的并列和语意上的并列 What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above. 4 冒号：冒号连接从抽象到具体的过程，冒号后面的东西具体说明前面的内容 His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. 5 括号：括号中的内容对括号前的东西补充说明或解释的作用（超纲词常以括号进行解释） As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback – aback-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. 6 引号：引号一般表示引用别人的观点，所引用的内容或者支持作者的观点，或者是作者所批判的对象；有时引号表示说反话，就是说作者对引号的东西持负评价。在阅读中，要注意前五种标点符号对于阅读速度和推测词义的作用，如补充说明部分可以先不看，抓住主干后再看。另外，假如一个单词意思不清楚，可以利用上下文，尤其是上下句进行推断。如由于分号连接的两部分一般意思相同，那么可以由一部分的意思推测出另一部分的意思。对于引号，阅读时要思考所引用的内容和作者的观点之间的关系。 ［举例］ How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School ofGovernment. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. AndWilliam Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.” [参考译文] 情况的变化真快! 1995年，当日本还在奋力拼搏的时候，美国却可以对5年的稳固发展作一回顾了。没几个美国人将这一巨变单纯归因于美元贬值或商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因。到如今，对自身的怀疑已被盲目乐观所取代。［以上是作者的观点］ “美国的工业已经改变了结构，消除了滞胀，学会了明智”，这是哈佛大学肯尼迪管理学院行政院长理查德·卡佛纳的看法。华盛顿特区的智囊团——卡托研究院的史蒂芬·莫尔说，“看到我们的企业正在提高自身的生产率，作为一个美国人，我感到自豪。”哈佛商学院的威廉·萨尔曼相信人们将会把这一时期视为“美国企业管理的黄金时代”。［作者引用的论据］ |
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