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1、定义：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备某事。句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow morning，next week，this afternoon等表示将来的时间状语。
2、构成： ① be gong to +动词原形 如：I amgoing to see a Beijingopera tomorrow. We aregoing to meet at bus stop at half past ten. Dad andI are going to see a Beijingopera this afternoon.
② will +动词原形 如：Theywill go swimming this afternoon.
3、be goingto 和will 区别： ① begoing to表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情，基本上一定会发生；will则表示有可能去做，但不一定发生，也常表示说话人的临时决定。 如：I amgoing to take part in a party this evening. They arecleaning the library now. I’ll go and join them.
②be going to表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情；will表示的将来时间则较远一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow. I will meet her one day.
③ begoing to还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生，常用于天气等自然现象。如：Look! It’s going to rain.
4、一般将来时句型转换：
第16讲 句法 1、陈述句 说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子。基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他 1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much. 2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends
3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句 ①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加not。 Mary was at school yesterday. —>Mary was not at school yesterday. I can make a model plane. —>I cannot make a model plane.
②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Hedoesn’t like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Ididn’t go to the park yesterday.
4）陈述句改一般疑问句 ①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Maryat school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you makea model plane? ②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he likedrawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did yougo to the park yesterday?
2、疑问句 用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号。 1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调。 —Is Mr Green from the —Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t. —Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.
2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。—How doyou go to work every day? —I go to workby car.
3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接。 —Wouldyou like some tea or coffee? —Somecoffee, please.
4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。 —It’s afine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is.
3、祈使句 表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事。 1）用于第二人称，通常省略you。 ①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. ②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.
2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头。 Let mehave a look. Let’s play a gamenow. Let him go home now. Shall wemeet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?
4、感叹句 表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。 1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What abig garden (it is)! What aninteresting storybook (it is) ! Whatlovely weather (it is)! Whatpretty girls (they are)!
2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词 Hownice! Howbeautiful the flowers are! How tallYao Ming is!
5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。 1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)。 There issome milk in the fridge. Thereare some peaches in the basket.
2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定。 There is a ruler and five knivesin the pencil case. There are five knives and a rulerin the pencil case.
3）there be句型和have/has区别： there be句型表示某地有某人或某物； have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用have。 Thereare some English books on the desk. I havesome English books.
第17讲 听力
人类交际中80％以上是通过口头进行的，而听懂对方的话语是进行有效交际的前提和关键。因此，听力至关重要，它位于“听说读写”四种能力之首。
英语听力测试一般有以下题型： 1．听音辨词 2．听录音给图或句子排序 3．听问句选答句 4．听短文或对话进行选择或判断 5．听录音填空
第18讲 话题
1、介绍 My name is Tom. I’m Gao Shan. This is David. The man in a white coat is my father. 2、问候、告别 Hello! /Hi! Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening! How are you? --- Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thankyou. / Not so good. Nice to meet you. --- Nice to meet you , too. How do you do?---How do you do? Goodbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye! See you (tomorrow/later). Good night. 3、谈论人或物 What’s your name? / Your name, please? Who is he? What’s this in English? How old are you? Where are you from? / Are you from the What’s your job? What is she? 4、请求、劝告、建议、征求 May I come in? Can I have a look? Yes. / Sure. Sorry, you can’t. Don’t forget to close the windows. We must go home now. Let’s go to school.
Shall we go now? Why don’t you buy a new one? What about a cup of tea? Would you like a hamburger? What would you like? Yes, please. / Yes, I’d like to./ Yes, I’d love to. No, thanks. 5、道歉、感谢、赞扬 Excuse me. Sorry. / I’m sorry.---That’s OK/all right. / It’sdoesn’t matter. Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much. Not at all. / You ‘re welcome. / It’s my pleasure. It’s pretty/ smart/nice. How nice! 6、询问时间、星期及日期 What’s the time? / what time is it now?---It’s twelveo’clock. It’s time to have lunch. What day is it today?---It’s Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday. What date is it today? --- It’s the 12thof July. 7、购物 Can I help you?/What can I do for you?/What wouldyou like? ---I’d like a/an/some… Anything else? What about the red one? How many kilos? --- Five kilos, please. How much is it/are they?---It’s /They’re twenty yuan. Here’s your change. 8、打电话 Hello, may I speak to Nancy?---This is Nancyspeaking. Is that Tom (speaking)?---Yes, this is Tomspeaking. Who’s that(speaking)?--- It’s Liu Tao here. Wait for a minutes. / Hold on , please. Sorry, she isn’t in.
9、问路、指路 Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office？ How can I get to the nearest post office? Can you show/tell me the way to the nearest postoffice? How far is the nearest post office from here? How many stops are there? Go along this road and then turn right/left at thethird crossing. The post office is on your right/left. It’s over there. Near the Bank of You can take bus No.8 and get off at the thirdstop. Sorry, I don’t know. You can ask thepoliceman. 11、谈论兴趣爱好 Do you have any hobbies? What’s your hobby? Do you like swimming? I (don’t) like swimming. We have the same hobby. 12、谈论天气 What’s the weather like today? How is the weather? It’s sunny/rainy/cloudy/windy/warm/cool/hot/cold. Which season do you like best? 13、询问和表达感觉 What’s the matter? / What’s wrong with you? / Howdo you feel now? I’m tired. / I feel ill. / I’ve got a bad cough. I’m sorry to here that. / I hope you get bettersoon. Take some medicine and have a lot of rest. Here’s some medicine for you. I can get some fruit for you 14、谈论节日 When’s Christmas?---It’s on the 25th ofDecember. What do people usually do on Christmas day? What’s your favourite holiday? 第19讲 构词法
英语中的三种主要构词法：
1、合成法：由两个或更多的词合成一个词。 如：basket（篮子） + ball（球）＝ basketball（篮球） post（邮寄）＋ office（办公室）＝ post office（邮局） pencil（铅笔）＋ box（盒子）＝ pencil-box（文具盒）
2、派生法：由词根加前缀或后缀构成一个新词。 如：un + usual（寻常） = unusual（不寻常） usual（寻常） + ly =usually（寻常地）
3、转化法：由一种词性转化为另一种词性。 如：water 水（名词）―――water 浇水（动词） light 灯（名词）―――light 轻的（形容词） book 书（名词）―――book 预订（动词） hand 手（名词）―――hand 上交（动词）
第20讲 英美文化常识
1、人名
2、地名
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